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Table 1 The Estimated Moderation Effects and Probing Analyses of Habit on the Intention-Behavior Association Applying 7500 Bootstrap Replications for Normally Distributed, Unrelated; Normally Distributed Correlated; and Realistic Intention-Behavior Data

From: How we are misinterpreting physical activity intention – behavior relations and what to do about it

Data

Moderation effect of Habit, b

Intention-Behavior, b

Bootstrap SD

Interquartile Range of Bootstrap Estimates

Normal, Unrelated

−0.17

0.10

− 0.24 to − 0.12

 Low Habit

0.72

0.34

0.55 to 0.96

 Average Habit

−0.05

0.13

−0.14 to 0.03

 High Habit

−0.09

0.16

−0.20 to 0.01

Normal, Correlated

0.01

0.07

−0.05 to 0.04

 Low Habit

0.51

0.24

0.36 to 0.65

 Average Habit

0.44

0.10

0.37 to 0.50

 High Habit

0.30

0.25

0.13 to 0.41

Realistic

0.07

0.89

−0.46 to 0.69

 Low Habit

1.14

0.65

0.70 to 1.64

 Average Habit

0.57

0.16

0.47 to 0.68

 High Habit

0.58

0.15

0.48 to 0.67

  1. Notes. Normal, unrelated: All variables set near Gaussian; intention-behavior r ~ 0.00; habit-behavior r ~ 0.00; habit-intention r = .47. Normal, correlated: All variables set near Gaussian; intention-behavior r = 0.49; habit-behavior r = 0.41; habit-intention r = .47. Realistic: intentions: skewness = −0.70, kurtosis = 3.18; behavior: skewness = 0.11, kurtosis = 1.67; habit and perceived behavioral control set near Gaussian; intention-behavior r = 0.49; habit-behavior r = 0.41; habit-intention r = .47