Table 1 Summary of studies reporting indicators to identify teen-targeted food marketing
From: Identifying food marketing to teenagers: a scoping review
Study | Teen Population | Indicators of teen-targeted food/beverage marketing |
|---|---|---|
Federal Trade Commission (2008) [59] | 12–17 year olds | -animated or licensed characters -popular celebrities -language of ‘teen/teenager/adolescent’ -teenaged performers/models/characters -teen themes/activities/incentives/products/media (Appendix B, attachment C: p. C3, C13) |
Harris et al. (2010) [79] | 17 and under (classified as “general audience”) | -product or personality from TV (general audience), PG-13 movie, or other type of entertainment, or sports, or product (p. 411) |
Harris et al. (2011) [81] | 12–17 year olds | -‘placed to reach teens’ - teenaged main characters (also targeting race/ethnicity) - addresses teen directly - promotes teen products - uses techniques appealing to teens (i.e., social media) (p. 114) |
Potvin Kent et al. (2011) [113] | 10–12 year olds | -‘fun’ (i.e. product has playful shape, colour, taste, and/or depiction of interactions with the product in ad show high levels of enjoyment) -media characters or celebrities (i.e., licensed characters, and sport, TV, movie, and music celebrities) (p. e435) |
Interagency Working Group on Food Marketing to Children (2011) [85] | 12–17 year olds | -animated or licensed characters -teen language -teenaged models -teen themes/activities/incentives -appeal to teens to participate in promotion (p. 19) |
Federal Trade Commission (2012) [60] | 12–17 year olds | -animated or licensed characters -popular celebrities -language of ‘teen/teenager/adolescent’ -teenaged performs/models/characters -teen themes/activities/incentives/products/media (Appendix B, attachment C: p. C3, C13) |
Potvin Kent et al. (2014) [114] | 12–17 year olds | -characters that teens identify with -adolescent activities (i.e., school dances, video games) -teen music -adolescent themes (i.e., popularity, freedom) -teen humour (p. 2055) |
Théodore et al. (2017) [133] | 15–18 year olds | -adolescent characters -adolescent context/themes (i.e., high schools, concerts) (p. 314) |
Vandevijvere et al. (2017) [137] | 13–17 year olds | -adolescent themes (i.e., fashion, image, sexuality) (p. 34) |