Table 1 Characteristics of 5.5-year-old children and their mother in the GUSTO study (N = 547)
|  | N | Mean ± SD or % |
|---|---|---|
Child’s age (year) | 547 | 5.5 ± 0.1 |
Sex | ||
 Boy | 283 | 51.7 |
 Girl | 264 | 48.3 |
Ethnicity | ||
 Chinese | 319 | 58.3 |
 Malay | 132 | 24.1 |
 Indian | 96 | 17.6 |
Birth order | ||
 First-born | 244 | 44.6 |
 Second-or later-born | 303 | 55.4 |
Household incomes (SGD/month) | ||
  < 4000 | 237 | 46.1 |
 4000–5999 | 117 | 22.8 |
  ≥ 6000 | 160 | 31.1 |
 missing, n | 33 |  |
Maternal education | ||
 University | 187 | 34.4 |
 Post-secondary | 190 | 34.9 |
 Primary or secondary | 167 | 30.7 |
 missing, n | 3 |  |
Pre-pregnancy weight status | ||
 Underweight/normal | 340 | 62.2 |
 Overweight | 133 | 24.3 |
 Obese | 74 | 13.5 |
Maternal age at delivery | ||
  < 30 | 223 | 40.8 |
 30–35 | 171 | 31.3 |
  ≥ 35 | 153 | 28.0 |
Maternal physical activity before pregnancy | ||
 Insufficiently active | 99 | 18.4 |
 Sufficiently active | 296 | 54.9 |
 Highly active | 144 | 26.7 |
 missing, n | 8 |  |
Maternal daily television-viewing time before pregnancy | ||
  < 2 h | 260 | 48.1 |
 2–3 h | 133 | 24.6 |
  ≥ 3 h | 147 | 27.2 |
 missing, n | 7 |  |
Maternal daily total sleep time before pregnancy | ||
  < 7 h | 71 | 13.1 |
 7–9 h | 335 | 62.0 |
  ≥ 9 h | 134 | 24.8 |
 missing, n | 7 |  |