Table 1 Children’s characteristics
Overall (n = 841) | Boys (n = 424) | Girls (n = 417) | Boys vs. girls (mean difference or odds ratio (95% CI), p) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demography | ||||
Age (years) | 10.2 (0.3) | 10.2 (0.3) | 10.2 (0.3) | 0.0 (− 0.0–0.0), .803 |
Anthropometry | ||||
Body mass (kg) | 37.0 (8.1) | 36.8 (7.8) | 37.2 (8.3) | −0.26 (− 1.35–0.83), .641 |
Height (cm) | 142.9 (6.7) | 143.1 (6.7) | 142.6 (6.8) | 0.60 (−0.31–1.51), .197 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 18.0 (3.0) | 17.9 (2.9) | 18.1 (3.1) | −0.25 (− 0.65–0.15), .218 |
Overweight and obese (%) | 20.8 | 20.0 | 21.5 | 0.92 (0.68–1.25), .583* |
Waist circumference (cm) | 61.9 (7.5) | 62.2 (7.3) | 61.6 (7.7) | 0.71 (−0.30–1.72), .169 |
Waist:height (ratio) | 0.43 (0.05) | 0.43 (0.05) | 0.43 (0.05) | 0.00 (−0.00–0.01), .322 |
Indices of cardiometabolic health | ||||
Andersen test (m) | 898 (103) | 925 (112) | 871 (85) | 54 (41–68), < .001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 105.2 (8.4) | 105.3 (8.2) | 105.2 (8.6) | 0.29 (−0.82–1.40), .612 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 57.7 (6.2) | 57.4 (6.0) | 58.1 (6.3) | −0.56 (− 1.38–0.26), .180 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.46 (0.69) | 4.46 (0.70) | 4.46 (0.68) | 0.00 (−0.09–0.09), .976 |
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.51 (0.64) | 2.50 (0.65) | 2.53 (0.62) | −0.03 (− 0.11–0.06), .570 |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.59 (0.35) | 1.63 (0.34) | 1.55 (0.35) | 0.08 (0.03–0.13), .001 |
Total:HDL-cholesterol (ratio) | 2.91 (0.71) | 2.82 (0.66) | 2.99 (0.74) | −0.17 (−0.26–-0.07), .001 |
Triglyceride (mmol/l) | 0.78 (0.38) | 0.72 (0.31) | 0.84 (0.42) | −0.13 (− 0.18–-0.08), < .001 |
Glucose (mmol/l) | 4.98 (0.32) | 5.02 (0.31) | 4.94 (0.33) | 0.08 (0.03–0.12), .001 |
Insulin (pmol/l) | 7.91 (4.29) | 7.05 (3.48) | 8.33 (4.83) | −1.70 (−2.25–-1.15), < .001 |
HOMA (index) | 1.71 (0.98) | 1.54 (0.83) | 1.89 (1.09) | −0.35 (−0.48–-0.22), < .001 |
Composite score (1SD)** | 0.00 (1.00) | 0.00 (0.93) | 0.00 (1.07) | – |
Physical activity (vertical axis) | ||||
Wear time (min/day) | 795 (56) | 799 (59) | 791 (54) | 8.3 (0.7–15.9), .032 |
Overall physical activity (cpm) | 708 (272) | 754 (296) | 660 (235) | 82 (48–116), < .001 |
SED (min/day) | 597 (56) | 593 (59) | 601 (53) | −13.2 (−17.9–-8.5), < .001 |
LPA (min/day) | 122 (22) | 124 (23) | 120 (21) | 2.5 (−0.2–5.2), .065 |
MPA (min/day) | 37 (10) | 39 (10) | 35 (8) | 4.1 (2.9–5.2), < .001 |
VPA (min/day) | 39 (15) | 43 (16) | 35 (12) | 6.6 (4.8–8.5), < .001 |
MVPA (min/day) | 76 (23) | 82 (24) | 70 (19) | 10.7 (7.9–13.4), < .001 |
Guideline amount (%)*** | 74 | 80 | 68 | 1.83 (1.40–2.40), < .001* |