Table 3 The 10 most important Nudges (Sunstein, 2014)
Nudge | Example | |
|---|---|---|
1 | Default rules | Automatic enrollment in programs, including education, health, savings |
2 | Simplification | In part to promote participation in existing programs |
3 | Uses of social norms | “Most people pay their taxes on time.”, “Nine out of ten hotel guests reuse their towels.” |
4 | Increases in ease and convenience | Making low-cost options or healthy foods visible |
5 | Disclosure | Economic or environmental costs associated with energy use, or the full cost of certain credit cards |
6 | Warnings, graphic or otherwise | Pictures on cigarette packages |
7 | Pre-commitment strategies | Pre-commit to engaging in certain activities such as smoking cessation |
8 | Reminders | Email or text message, as for overdue bills and coming obligations or appointments |
9 | Eliciting implementation intentions | “Do you plan to vaccinate your child?” |
10 | Informing people of the nature and consequences of their own past choices | Expenditures on health care or on electric bills |