A systematic review and meta-analysis of the overall effects of school-based obesity prevention interventions and effect differences by intervention components

Table 3 Subgroup analyses by characteristics of multi-component interventions

Outcomes	BMI			BMI Z-score
Outcomes	N	Mean difference, 95% CI	P for subgroup analyses	N	Mean difference, 95% CI	P for subgroup analyses
Characteristics of the PA component
1) PA’s frequency and duration
≥ 3/week and ≥ 10 min/time	10	−0.48 (− 0.94, − 0.01)	0.63	–	–	–
< 3/week or < 10 min/time	8	− 0.29 (− 0.76, 0.19)	0.63	–	–	–
2) Curricular PA
Yes	14	−0.28 (− 0.60, 0.05)	0.19	7	−0.07 (− 0.19, 0.04)	0.26
No	5	−0.89 (−1.75, − 0.03)	0.19	2	− 0.06 (− 0.16, 0.03)	0.26
3) PA emphasizing enjoyment
Yes	8	−0.88 (−1.42, − 0.34)	0.02^a	–	–	–
No	11	−0.12 (− 0.42, 0.19)	0.02^a	–	–	–
Topics of HE covering both energy intake and output
Yes	15	−0.28 (− 0.57, 0.01)	0.07	8	−0.17 (− 0.29, − 0.04)	0.18
No	8	0.04 (− 0.14, 0.22)	0.07	5	−0.06 (− 0.15, 0.03)	0.18
Inclusion of the DI component
Yes	12	−0.22 (− 0.63, 0.18)	0.45	10	−0.07 (− 0.18, 0.04)	0.76
No	15	−0.42 (− 0.75, − 0.09)	0.45	6	−0.05 (− 0.07, − 0.03)	0.76
Inclusion of the SP component
Yes	18	−0.36 (− 0.63, − 0.09)	0.07	11	−0.04 (− 0.08, − 0.01)	0.52
No	7	− 0.01 (− 0.26, 0.24)	0.07	2	−0.08 (− 0.20, 0.03)	0.52

Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, SP school policy, PA physical activity, HE health education
^aSignificance of the finding was disappeared when excluding the heterogeneous study (see Additional file 1: Table S5)

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