Outcome | Baseline Mean (SD) | Post-intervention, Mean (SD) | Pre-post change | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | SHHC Intervention | Adjusted differenceb,c | ||||||||
Control | SHHC Intervention | Control | SHHC Intervention | Mean (95% CI) a | p-value | Mean (95% CI) a | p-value | Mean (95% CI) | p-value | |
Kcal | 1826.4 (59.2) | 1744.2 (48.9) | 1560.3 (65.6) | 1562.8 (54.0) | −233.5 (− 389.0,-78.0) | .003 | −183.9 (− 332.3,-35.4) | .015 | 49.6 (− 144.3, 243.6) | .616 |
Carbohydrate, g | 198.7 (6.9) | 190.3 (6.3) | 168.4 (7.9) | 174.7 (7.3) | −26.8 (−46.9,-6.8) | .009 | −16.4 (−36.5,3.8) | .111 | 10.4 (− 15.6,36.5) | .432 |
Protein, g | 75.8 (2.2) | 73.2 (1.8) | 72.9 (2.8) | 70.0 (2.3) | −1.5 (−7.1,4.1) | .593 | −2.7 (−7.6,2.3) | .289 | −1.2 (− 7.7,5.4) | .729 |
Fiber, g | 15.6 (0.7) | 15.2 (0.5) | 14.5 (0.8) | 15.9 (0.8) | −0.9 (−2.9,1.1) | .355 | 0.7 (−1.2,2.6) | .461 | 1.6 (−0.8,4.1) | .195 |
Total fat, g | 79.5 (3.2) | 76.1 (2.5) | 66.1 (3.6) | 65.8 (2.8) | −12.1 (−20.6,-3.6) | .005 | −10.5 (− 18.3,-2.6) | .009 | 1.7 (−8.9,12.2) | .757 |
Saturated fat, g | 26.9 (1.2) | 26.2 (1.0) | 22.9 (1.3) | 21.9 (1.1) | −3.6 (−6.8,-0.5) | .023 | −4.4 (−7.2,-1.6) | .004 | 1.4 (−2.4,5.1) | .731 |
Monounsaturated fat, g | 28.7 (1.1) | 27.4 (0.9) | 22.5 (1.2) | 23.2 (1.0) | −5.8 (−8.8,-2.7) | <.001 | −3.2 (− 5.8,-0.6) | .002 | 1.9 (−1.6,5.5) | .479 |
Polyunsaturated fat, g | 17.1 (0.9) | 16.1 (0.6) | 15.2 (1.0) | 15.4 (0.7) | −1.5 (−3.8,0.9) | .233 | −0.4 (−2.5,1.6) | .684 | 1.0 (−1.8,3.9) | .481 |
Dietary cholesterol, mg | 274.0 (12.4) | 281.6 (14.6) | 263.5 (19.7) | 267.0 (14.1) | −10.4 (− 54.8,33.9) | .644 | −9.7 (− 50.4,31.0) | .640 | 0.7 (− 55.0,56.5) | .979 |
Sodium, mg | 3146.7 (104.0) | 3118.3 (89.2) | 2841.6 (116.3) | 2775.5 (91.5) | − 266.4 (− 505.7,-27.0) | .029 | − 299.6 (− 525.1,-74.1) | .009 | −33.2 (− 331.0,264.6) | .827 |
HEI 2015 Score | 56.3 (1.3) | 57.0 (1.1) | 57.6 (1.6) | 61.9 (1.4) | 1.0 (−2.8,4.8) | .603 | 4.9 (1.4,8.4) | .006 | 3.9 (−1.0,8.8) | .119 |
Average daily intake of… | ||||||||||
Fruits and vegetables in cup equivalents | 2.6 (0.1) | 2.6 (0.1) | 2.2 (0.2) | 2.8 (0.2) | −0.5 (−0.8,−0.1) | .023 | 0.1 (− 0.2,0.5) | .529 | 0.6 (0.1,1.1) | .026 |
Fruits in cup equivalents | 0.9 (0.1) | 1.0 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.1) | 1.1 (0.1) | -0.1 (−0.4,0.2) | .348 | 0.1 (−0.2,0.4) | .401 | 0.3 (−0.1,0.6) | .179 |
Vegetables in cup equivalents | 1.7 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.4 (0.1) | 1.7 (0.1) | −0.3 (−0.5,− 0.1) | .004 | 0.0 (− 0.2,0.2) | .866 | 0.3 (0.1,0.6) | .016 |
Whole grains in oz. equivalents | 0.8 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.1) | 1.0 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.2 (−0.1,0.5) | .230 | 0.1 (−0.1,0.4) | .360 | -0.1 (−0.4,0.3) | .738 |
Refined grains in oz. equivalents | 4.4 (0.3) | 3.9 (0.2) | 3.6 (0.3) | 3.3 (0.2) | −0.6 (−1.2,0.1) | .109 | −0.6 (−1.3,0.0) | .058 | − 0.1 (− 0.9,0.8) | .871 |
Seafood high in n-3 fatty acids in oz. equivalents | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.0) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.1 (0.0,0.3) | .170 | 0.1 (0.0,0.2) | .069 | 0.0 (−0.2,0.2) | .736 |
Legumes in oz. equivalents | 0.1 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0,0.0) | .926 | 0.0 (0.0,0.1) | .237 | 0.0 (0.0,0.1) | .335 |
Oils in gramsd | 22.8 (1.4) | 19.8 (1.0) | 19.9 (1.5) | 19.9 (1.3) | −1.7 (−5.2,1.8) | .333 | 0.0 (−3.5,3.4) | .981 | 1.7 (− 3.0,6.4) | .481 |
Solid fats in gramse | 38.9 (1.8) | 38.9 (1.7) | 31.5 (2.0) | 29.7 (1.8) | −7.6 (−12.7,-2.5) | .004 | −9.2 (−14.4,-4.1) | <.001 | −1.7 (−8.6,5.2) | .632 |
Added sugars in teaspoon equivalents | 11.9 (0.9) | 11.9 (0.8) | 9.9 (1.0) | 10.1 (0.9) | −2.2 (−4.8,-0.3) | .087 | −1.9 (−4.3,0.5) | .123 | 0.3 (−3.0,3.7) | .847 |