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Table 2 Intervention characteristics

From: Effectiveness of physical activity interventions for overweight and obesity during pregnancy: a systematic review of the content of behaviour change interventions

Author & Year

Theory

Contact type

Contact

Delivery

Setting

Type

Intervention durationa

BCTs

Callaway et al 2010 [48]

Not present

Face-to-face (individual) + via phone

6 face to face

Exercise physiologists; Dietician; Physiotherapists; Midwife

Clinical setting

PA

24 weeks

1.2 Problem solving

1.3 Goal setting outcome

2.2 Feedback on behaviour

2.3 Self-monitoring of behaviour

4.1 Instruction on how to perform behaviour

5.1 Information about health consequence

Oostdam et al 2012 [54]

Not present

Face-to-face (individual)

At least 1 face to face

Physiotherapist

Clinical setting + midwifery practices

PA

17 weeks (+ 12 weeks postpartum follow up)

3.1 Social Support (Unspecified)

4.1 Instruction on how to perform behaviour

5.1 Information about health consequence

8.1 Behavioural practice/rehearsal

Nascimento et al 2011 [53]

Not present

Face-to-face (individual + group)

8 face to face

Physicaltherapist

Clinical setting + participants home

PA

19 weeks

2.3 Self-monitoring of behaviour

3.1 Social Support (Unspecified)

4.1 Instruction on how to perform behaviour

5.1 Information about health consequence

8.1 Behavioural practice/rehearsal

Kong et al 2014 [50]

Not present

Face-to-face (individual)

3 face to face

Study coordinator

Clinical setting + participants home

PA

20 weeks

2.3 Self-monitoring of behaviour

4.1 Instruction on how to perform behaviour

12.5 Adding objects to the environment

Seneviratne et al 2016 [64]

Not present

Face-to-face (individual)

1 face to face

Exercise physiologist

Participants home

PA

15 weeks

1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)

4.1 Instruction on how to perform behaviour

12.5 Adding objects to the environment

Ong et al 2009 [56]

Not present

Not specified

no mention of contact with study team

Not specified

Participants home

PA

10 weeks

12.5 Adding objects to the environment

Santos et al 2005 [57]

Not present

Face-to-face (individual)

no mention of contact with study team

Not specified

Clinical setting

PA

12 weeks

8.1 Behavioural practice/rehearsal

Garnaes et al 2016 [65]

Not present

Face-to-face (individual or group)

At least 1 face to face

Physical therapist

Clinical setting

PA

19 weeks

2.3 Self-monitoring of behaviour

2.4 Self-monitoring of outcome(s) of behaviour

3.1 Social Support (Unspecified)

4.1 Instruction on how to perform behaviour

8.1 Behavioural practice/rehearsal

Dodd et al 2014 [60]

Stage theories of health decision making

Face-to-face (individual) + via phone

3 phone calls; 1 face to face

Dietician; Research assistants

Clinical setting

PA + diet

20 weeks (+  16 weeks post-partum follow up)

1.2 Problem solving

1.3 Goal setting outcome

2.3 Self-monitoring of behaviour

4.1 Instruction on how to perform behaviour

5.1 Information about health consequence

Guelinckx et al 2009 [51]

Techniques of behavioural modification

Face-to-face (group)

3 group sessions

Nutritionist

Clinical setting

PA + diet

17 weeks

4.1 Instruction on how to perform behaviour

6.1 Demonstration of the behaviour

Hawkins et al 2015 [49]

The Trans theoretical Model and Social Cognitive Theory

Face-to-face (individual) + via phone

6 face to face; 5 phone calls

Health educators

Clinical setting

PA + diet

24 weeks (+  6 weeks post-partum follow up)

1.2 Problem solving

1.3 Goal setting outcome

2.2 Feedback on behaviour

2.3 Self-monitoring of behaviour

3.1 Social Support (Unspecified)

Koivusalo et al 2016 [52]

Not present

Face-to-face (individual + group)

3 face to face; group visits

Study nurse; Nutritionist

Clinical setting

PA + diet

22 weeks

1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)

1.4 Action Planning

2.3 Self-monitoring of behaviour

Poston et al 2015 [61]

Control theory and elements of social cognitive theory

Face-to-face (individual + group)

8 face to face

Health trainer

Clinical setting

PA + diet

16 weeks (+  24 week post-partum follow up)

1.2 Problem solving

1.3 Goal setting (outcome)

1.7 Review outcome goals

2.3 Self-monitoring of behaviour

3.1 Social Support (Unspecified)

4.1 Instruction on how to perform behaviour

5.1 Information about health consequence

6.1 Demonstration of the behaviour

6.2 Social comparison

8.1 Behavioural practice/rehearsal

Renault et al 2014 [62]

Not present

Face-to-face (individual) + via phone

6 face to face; 6 follow up calls

Dietician

Clinical setting

PA + diet

22 weeks

1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)

2.3 Self-monitoring of behaviour

3.1 Social Support (Unspecified)

Szmeja et al 2014 [66]

Stage theories of health decision making

Face-to-face (individual) + via phone

2 face to face; 3 calls

Research dietician; Trained research assistants

Clinical setting

PA + diet

8 weeks

1.2 Problem solving

1.3 Goal setting (outcome)

2.3 Self-monitoring of behaviour

4.1 Instruction on how to perform behaviour

5.1 Information about health consequence

Vinter et al 2011 [55]

Not present

Face-to-face (individual)

4 face to face

Dieticians; physiotherapists

Clinical setting

PA + diet

21 weeks

1.3 Goal setting (outcome)

2.3 Self-monitoring of behaviour

3.1 Social Support (Unspecified)

4.1 Instruction on how to perform behaviour

8.1 Behavioural practice/rehearsal

Bruno et al 2017 [63]

Not present

Face-to-face (individual)

At least 1 face to face

Gynaecologist; Dietician

Clinical setting

PA + diet

20 weeks

1.5 Review behaviour goal(s)

1.7 Review outcome goal(s)

2.3 Self-monitoring of behaviour

4.1 Instruction on how to perform behaviour

Van Horn et al 2018 [59]

Not present

Face-to-face (individual + group), email, text + phone

At least 1 face to face; 6 group sessions; weekly emails/phone call

Registered dietician nutritionist

Clinical setting, virtual setting (website)

PA + diet

20 weeks

1.2 Problem solving

2.2 Feedback on behaviour

2.3 Self-monitoring of behaviour

5.1 Information about health consequence

Kennelly et al 2018 [58]

Control theory and social cognitive theory

Face-to-face + smartphone application

3 face to face; email every 2 weeks

Nutritionist and obstetrician

Clinical setting, smartphone application

PA + diet

13 ± weeks

1.1 Goal setting (behaviour)

1.2 Goal setting (outcome)

2.4 Self-monitoring of outcomes(s) of behaviour

4.1 Instruction on how to perform behaviour

5.1 Information about health consequences

7.1 Prompts and cues

8.2 Behaviour substitution

8.3 Habit formulation

  1. PA physical activity, BCT behaviour change technique, afull intervention length