Descriptive epidemiology of physical activity energy expenditure in UK adults (The Fenland study)

Lindsay, Tim; Westgate, Kate; Wijndaele, Katrien; Hollidge, Stefanie; Kerrison, Nicola; Forouhi, Nita; Griffin, Simon; Wareham, Nick; Brage, Søren

doi:10.1186/s12966-019-0882-6

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 2 Multivariable analysis of physical activity by socio-demographic factors in women. The Fenland Study 2005 to 2015

From: Descriptive epidemiology of physical activity energy expenditure in UK adults (The Fenland study)

	Women
	n = 6428
	PAEE (kJ/day/kg)		MVPA in bouts > 1 min (mins/day)		MVPA in bouts > 10 min (mins/day)
	Mean	95% C.I.	Mean	95% C.I.	Mean	95% C.I.
Age
29–34	Reference	–	Reference	–	Reference	–
35–39	− 0.5	−3.5; − 2.4	1.6	−8.7; − 11.9	0.6	−5.6; − 6.8
40–44	−4.0***	− 6.8; − 1.1	−5.4	−15.4; 4.6	− 3.2	− 9.2; 2.8
45–49	−6.0***	−8.8; − 3.1	−8.8*	− 18.7; 1.2	−4.0	− 10.0; 2.0
50–54	− 8.1***	− 10.9; − 5.2	− 13.3***	− 23.2; − 3.3	− 4.6	− 10.6; 1.4
55–59	− 11.0***	− 13.9; − 8.1	− 21.1***	− 31.3; − 10.9	− 8.2***	− 14.3; − 2.0
60–64	− 13.8***	− 17.2; − 10.4	− 23.7***	− 35.6; − 11.7	− 10.9***	− 18.1; − 3.7
BMI
< 25	Reference	–	Reference	–	Reference	–
25–30	− 6.2***	−7.2; − 5.2	− 20.7***	− 24.2; − 17.1	− 12.0***	−14.1; − 9.8
> 30	− 14.6***	− 15.8; − 13.4	− 45.9***	− 50.0; − 41.9	− 24.1***	− 26.5; − 21.6
Ethnicity
White	Reference	–	Reference	–	Reference	–
South Asian	− 6.4***	− 10.5; − 2.3	− 18.8**	− 33.2; − 4.5	− 9.9**	− 18.5; − 1.3
Black	0.7	− 5.7; 7.1	−1.3	− 23.6; 21.0	− 0.6	− 14.0; 12.8
East Asian	−7.0***	−12.3; − 1.7	− 22.6**	− 41.1; − 4.1	− 11.5**	−22.6; − 0.4
Others or unknown	− 4.2***	− 6.3; − 2.0	−13.4***	− 21.0; − 5.8	− 8.8***	− 13.3; − 4.2
Education level
Basic	Reference	–	Reference	–	Reference	–
Further	0.5	−0.6; 1.7	0.0	−4.0; 4.1	−0.5	−2.9; 1.9
Higher	1.2*	−0.2; 2.6	6.1**	1.3; 10.9	4.3***	1.4; 7.2
Work type
Sedentary	Reference	–	Reference	–	Reference	–
Standing	6.4***	5.4; 7.5	13.4***	9.8; 17.0	3.7***	1.5; 5.8
Manual work	13.0***	11.3; 14.8	38.2***	32.1; 44.3	17.8***	14.2; 21.5
Retired	3.5***	0.9; 6.2	11.3**	2.1; 20.6	6.3**	0.7; 11.8
Unemployed	0.2	−3.9; 4.3	2.0	−12.4; 16.4	1.8	−6.8; 10.5
Unknown	5.0***	3.4; 6.6	11.3***	5.7; 16.8	5.3***	2.0; 8.6
Income
< £20,000	Reference	–	Reference	–	Reference	–
£20,000 - £40,000	2.8***	1.4; 4.2	6.7***	1.9; 11.5	3.1**	0.3; 6.0
> £40,000	4.5***	3.0; 5.9	13.0***	7.9; 18.1	4.2***	1.1; 7.3
Marital Status
Single	Reference	–	Reference	–	Reference	–
Married/living as married	−1.4	−3.3; 0.5	−10.2***	−16.8; − 3.6	−6.4***	− 10.3; − 2.5
Widowed/separated/divorced	−0.4	−2.6; 1.9	−5.3	−13.2; 2.6	−6.0**	− 10.8; − 1.3
Unknown	−0.7	−2.7; 1.4	− 17.6***	−24.9; − 10.3	− 6.9***	−11.3; − 2.6
Smoker Status
Never smoked	Reference	–	Reference	–	Reference	–
Ex smoker	2.6***	1.6; 3.6	8.7***	5.3; 12.1	3.2***	1.1; 5.2
Current smoker	7.9***	6.4; 9.3	33.5***	28.4; 38.7	15.8***	12.7; 18.9
Site
Cambridge	Reference	–	Reference	–	Reference	–
Ely	−1.1**	−2.2; − 0.0	−5.2***	−9.1; − 1.3	−4.7***	−7.0; − 2.4
Wisbech	−0.5	−1.7; 0.8	−4.6**	−9.0; − 0.3	−6.6***	−9.2; − 4.0
Seasonality
Spring	−0.1	− 0.7; 0.5	1.8*	−0.3; 3.9	1.5**	0.2; 2.8
Winter	−1.7***	−2.3; − 1.1	−4.8***	−7.0; − 2.6	−1.9***	−3.2; − 0.6
Constant	54.3***	50.7; 57.8	99.9***	87.5; 112.4	46.2***	38.8; 53.7
	Men
	n = 5574
	PAEE (kJ/day/kg)		MVPA in bouts > 1 min (mins/day)		MVPA in bouts > 10 min (mins/day)
	Mean	95% C.I.	Mean	95% C.I.	Mean	95% C.I.
Age
29–34	Reference	–	Reference	–	Reference	–
35–39	1.1	−2.6; 4.7	4.6	−9.2; 18.5	3.2	−6.7; 13.1
40–44	−1.9	−5.5; 1.7	1.3	−12.3; 14.9	0.9	−8.8; 10.6
45–49	−5.9***	− 9.5; − 2.3	−9.1	−22.6; 4.4	−3.7	−13.3; 6.0
50–54	−9.4***	−13.0; − 5.8	−14.6**	−28.2; − 1.1	− 5.3	−14.9; 4.4
55–59	−13.6***	− 17.3; − 10.0	−26.8***	−40.6; − 13.0	−12.6**	− 22.5; − 2.8
60–64	− 19.1***	−23.3; − 15.0	− 37.1***	−52.8; − 21.4	−18.3***	−29.5; − 7.1
BMI
< 25	Reference	–	Reference	–	Reference	–
25–30	− 3.4***	−4.7; − 2.1	−13.9***	−18.8; − 9.1	− 12.2***	−15.7; − 8.8
> 30	−10.1***	− 11.6; − 8.5	−41.0***	− 46.9; − 35.1	− 28.6***	− 32.8; − 24.4
Ethnicity
White	Reference	–	Reference	–	Reference	–
South Asian	−7.6***	−12.3; − 2.9	− 30.3***	−48.1; − 12.6	−19.2***	− 31.8; − 6.5
Black	−8.9**	− 16.1; − 1.6	− 27.0*	−54.4; 0.3	− 11.5	− 30.9; 8.0
East Asian	− 4.7	− 13.7; 4.3	− 14.0	− 48.0; 20.0	−8.4	− 32.6; 15.9
Others or unknown	−3.9***	− 6.7; − 1.2	− 12.2**	− 22.5; − 1.9	− 8.3**	− 15.6; − 0.9
Education level
Basic	Reference	–	Reference	–	Reference	–
Further	− 1.3	−2.8; 0.3	−6.1**	− 11.8; − 0.3	−4.9**	− 9.0; − 0.8
Higher	−1.7*	−3.5; 0.2	−5.3	− 12.3; 1.7	− 1.2	− 6.2; 3.8
Work type
Sedentary	Reference	–	Reference	–	Reference	–
Standing	8.5***	6.8; 10.2	28.2***	21.8; 34.6	11.1***	6.5; 15.6
Manual work	16.2***	14.7; 17.6	56.5***	51.0; 62.0	29.4***	25.5; 33.3
Retired	6.2***	2.5; 10.0	23.9***	9.7; 38.0	16.3***	6.2; 26.4
Unemployed	2.9	−2.0; 7.7	11.7	−6.8; 30.1	5.7	−7.4; 18.9
Unknown	−2.1	−6.1; 1.9	−8.0	−23.0; 7.0	−4.5	−15.2; 6.2
Income
< £20,000	Reference	–	Reference	–	Reference	–
£20,000 - £40,000	5.3***	3.3; 7.4	12.5***	4.8; 20.2	2.7	−2.8; 8.2
> £40,000	7.3***	5.2; 9.4	21.4***	13.4; 29.3	8.4***	2.7; 14.0
Marital Status
Single	Reference	–	Reference	–	Reference	–
Married/living as married	2.6**	0.4; 4.8	5.3	−2.9; 13.5	−0.5	−6.3; 5.4
Widowed/separated/divorced	4.1***	1.1; 7.1	10.7*	−0.8; 22.2	0.5	−7.7; 8.7
Unknown	2.0	−0.5; 4.4	−7.6	−16.9; 1.7	−3.9	−10.5; 2.8
Smoker Status
Never smoked	Reference	–	Reference	–	Reference	–
Ex smoker	2.2***	1.0; 3.4	8.0***	3.4; 12.5	5.0***	1.8; 8.2
Current smoker	8.7***	6.9; 10.4	42.3***	35.9; 48.8	26.2***	21.6; 30.8
Site
Cambridge	Reference	–	Reference	–	Reference	–
Ely	0.1	−1.3; 1.5	−0.9	−6.2; 4.4	−1.8	−5.6; 1.9
Wisbech	2.4***	0.9; 4.0	8.1***	2.1; 14.0	1.8	−2.4; 6.1
Seasonality
Spring	−0.8*	−1.5; 0.0	−2.4	−5.2; 0.5	−1.3	−3.3; 0.7
Winter	−2.8***	−3.5; − 2.0	−9.8***	−12.7; − 6.9	−6.2***	−8.3; − 4.1
Constant	54.4***	49.9; 59.0	107.5***	90.2; 124.8	60.9***	48.6; 73.3

*** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1

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