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Table 4 Mixed-effects regression results expressed as percentage change in the number of items purchased

From: Altering the availability of healthier vs. less healthy items in UK hospital vending machines: a multiple treatment reversal design

 

Mean number of items sold per week per machine* (s.d.)

Percentage change

(95% CIs)

p-value

(Kenward-Roger)

Snacks

Standard

167

(209)

Ref

Ref

Decrease Less healthy

155

(191)

77.8%

(3.6, 205.2)

0.037

 

& Increase Healthier

182

(226)

−27.4%

(− 58.9, 28.1)

0.262

Decrease Healthier

149

(185)

64.1%

(−3.6, 179.5)

0.067

 

& Increase Less healthy

171

(224)

− 39.5%

(− 65.5, 6.2)

0.078

Drinks

Standard

99

(135)

Ref

Ref

Decrease Less healthy

74

(96)

12.5%

(−21.0, 60.2)

0.509

 

& Increase Healthier

79

(97)

13.4%

(−41.1, 27.3)

0.461

Decrease Healthier

94

(123)

38.0%

(−5.3, 101.1)

0.093

 

& Increase Less healthy

103

(155)

−29.2%

(− 52.6, 5.7)

0.091

  1. * Unadjusted means; Means for increases represent periods when healthier options were increased while less healthy options remained decreased or periods when less healthy options were increased while healthier options remained decreased