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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population across categories of inactive time measured by accelerometer

From: Isotemporal substitution of inactive time with physical activity and time in bed: cross-sectional associations with cardiometabolic health in the PREDIMED-Plus study

Tertiles of inactive time (h/day)a

 

Total n

All

T1 n = 735

T2 n = 729

T3 n = 725

P - value

Age, years

2189

65.0 (4.95)

64.1 (4.77)

65.2 (4.94)

65.8 (4.98)

< 0.001

Women, n (%)

2189

1032 (47.1)

345 (46.9)

343 (47.1)

344 (47.5)

0.979

Anthropometric measures

 BMI (kg/m2)

2189

32.6 (3.46)

32.2 (3.29)

32.4 (3.37)

33.2 (3.63)

< 0.001

 Waist circumference (cm)

2189

107 (9.54)

106 (9.41)

107 (9.20)

109 (9.78)

< 0.001

DXA Body composition

 Total body fat (%)

662

40.8 (6.98)

39.4 (6.83)

40.7 (6.84)

42.3 (6.98)

< 0.001

 VAT (kg)

651

2.27 (0.90)

2.12 (0.85)

2.32 (0.90)

2.38 (0.93)

0.006

 Total body muscle mass (%)

662

56.1 (6.62)

57.4 (6.50)

56.2 (6.50)

54.7 (6.61)

< 0.001

Clinical parameters

 HbA1c (%)

2009

6.15 (0.87)

6.08 (0.81)

6.12 (0.79)

6.26 (0.99)

< 0.001

 Glucose (mg/dL)

2164

114 (29.5)

113 (27.9)

113 (27.8)

117 (32.4)

0.035

 HDL (mg/dL)

2173

47.8 (11.9)

49.1 (12.0)

47.7 (11.9)

46.6 (11.6)

< 0.001

 LDL (mg/dL)

2127

121 (46.5)

122 (31.9)

122 (51.0)

119 (53.7)

0.459

 Triglycerides (mg/dL)

2178

152 (78.9)

141 (74.9)

151 (71.4)

165 (87.7)

< 0.001

 SBP (mmHg)

2175

140 (17.4)

140 (17.0)

141 (17.3)

140 (18.0)

0.293

 DBP (mmHg)

2175

80.3 (10.1)

80.6 (9.88)

80.0 (9.92)

80.2 (10.4)

0.430

 Diabetes prevalence, n (%)

2189

749 (34.2)

229 (31.2)

246 (33.7)

274 (37.8)

0.027

 Obesity prevalence, n (%)

2189

1610 (73.6)

519 (70.6)

528 (72.4)

563 (77.7)

0.007

Metabolic Syndrome

 High blood pressure, n (%)

2189

1611 (73.6)

534 (72.7)

542 (74.3)

535 (73.8)

0.755

 High triglycerides, n (%)

2178

901 (41.4)

244 (33.4)

305 (42.0)

352 (48.9)

< 0.001

 Low HDL cholesterol, n (%)

2173

888 (40.9)

263 (36.0)

307 (42.3)

318 (44.3)

0.004

 High glucose, n (%)

2189

1686 (77.0)

566 (77.0)

561 (77.0)

559 (77.1)

0.998

 High waist circumference, n (%)

2189

2098 (95.8)

706 (96.1)

693 (95.1)

699 (96.4)

0.408

Physical activity behavioursb

 Time in bed (h/day)

2189

8.06 (1.29)

8.28 (1.25)

8.23 (1.21)

7.68 (1.33)

< 0.001

 Inactive time (h/day)

2189

8.30 (1.98)

6.25 (0.90)

8.21 (0.56)

10.5 (1.31)

< 0.001

 LPA (h/day)

2189

2.54 (1.07)

3.45 (0.99)

2.45 (0.74)

1.72 (0.63)

< 0.001

 MVPA (h/day)

2187

0.67 (0.54)

0.93 (0.59)

0.66 (0.49)

0.43 (0.40)

< 0.001

 Total PA (h/day)

2187

3.22 (1.33)

4.38 (1.22)

3.11 (0.84)

2.15 (0.78)

< 0.001

 Chair test 30s (repeats)

2189

13.3 (5.01)

13.8 (5.12)

13.3 (5.00)

12.7 (4.83)

< 0.001

Sociodemographic/lifestyle data

 Smoking habits, n (%)

2181

    

< 0.001

 Never

 

942 (43.2)

328 (44.8)

329 (45.4)

285 (39.4)

 

 Current

 

251 (11.5)

61 (8.3)

75 (10.3)

115 (15.9)

 

 Former

 

988 (45.3)

343 (46.9)

321 (44.3)

324 (44.7)

 

 Educational level, n (%)

2171

    

< 0.001

 Higher education/technician

 

474 (21.8)

113 (15.5)

176 (24.3)

185 (25.8)

 

 Secondary education

 

610 (28.1)

210 (28.8)

198 (27.4)

202 (28.1)

 

 Primary education/illiterate

 

1087 (50.1)

406 (55.7)

350 (48.3)

331 (46.1)

 

 Alcohol intake (g/day)

2187

11.4 (15.4)

11.7 (15.5)

11.0 (14.7)

11.5 (16.1)

0.649

 Energy intake (kcal/day)

2187

2407 (633)

2444 (640)

2413 (629)

2364 (628)

0.051

 MedDiet score (17 points)

2189

8.56 (2.70)

8.64 (2.75)

8.61 (2.63)

8.42 (2.71)

0.243

 Marital status

2179

    

0.004

 Not Married

 

546 (25.1)

161 (22.0)

174 (23.9)

211 (29.3)

 

 Married

 

1633 (74.9)

570 (78.0)

553 (76.1)

510 (70.7)

 

Medication use for

 High blood pressure

2189

1700 (77.7)

554 (75.4)

563 (77.2)

583 (80.4)

0.065

 Cholesterol

2189

1159 (53.0)

378 (51.4)

384 (52.7)

397 (54.8)

0.437

 Insulin

2189

111 (5.07)

36 (4.90)

35 (4.80)

40 (5.52)

0.796

 Metformin

2189

544 (24.9)

160 (21.8)

184 (25.2)

200 (27.6)

0.035

 Other medications for diabetes

2189

514 (23.5)

151 (20.5)

171 (23.5)

192 (26.5)

0.028

  1. Data shown is mean (SD), unless otherwise specified; Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, VAT visceral adipose tissue, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, LDL low density lipoproteins, HDL high density lipoproteins, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, PA physical activity, LPA light physical activity, MVPA moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, MedDiet Mediterranean diet. a T1, Men (min 3.79 / max 7.6), Women (min 2.64 / max 7.15). T2 Men (min 7.61 / 9.34max); Women (min 7.16 / 8.73max). T3, Men (min 9.35 / 17.2 max), Women (min 8.74/ 15.15max). Tertiles were calculated using the total sample of 2189, and the sample size shown corresponds to the distribution of these 2189 individuals within tertiles; the sample size within tertiles varied for outcome variables with different total sample size. Sample sizes in tertiles of body composition variables determined by DXA were: T1, n = 225; T2, n = 219; T3, n = 218. bData shown of time in bed, physical activity and inactive time has been recorded by accelerometer. High waist circumference was defined has a circumference ≥ 120 cm in men and ≥ 88 cm in women. High glucose was defined as ≥110 mg/dl of glucose in blood or antidiabetic treatment with metformin or insulin. High levels of triglycerides was defined as ≥150 mg/dl of blood. Low levels of HDL cholesterol was defined as ≤40 mg/dl in men and ≤ 50 mg/dl in women. Obesity was defined with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Hypertension was defined with a SBP ≥90 mmHg and a SBP ≥140 mmHg. It was considered diabetes if the participant has a previous diagnosis of diabetes, with a HbA1c (%) ≥6.5, or with the use of medication for diabetes treatment as insulin and metformin
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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