Isotemporal substitution of inactive time with physical activity and time in bed: cross-sectional associations with cardiometabolic health in the PREDIMED-Plus study

Table 4 Isotemporal substitution of inactive time (30 min/day) with time in bed and physical activity on cardio-metabolic risk

Outcome	Inactive time with time in bed	p-value	Inactive time with LPA	p-value	Inactive time with MVPA	p-value
Anthropometric measures
BMI (kg/m²)	−0.12 (−0.18;-0.05)	< 0.001	−0.19 (− 0.27;-0.11)	< 0.001	− 0.40 (− 0.55;-0.25)	< 0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	− 0.29 (− 0.46;-0.13)	0.001	−0.42 (− 0.62;-0.21)	< 0.001	−1.11 (−1.49;-0.72)	< 0.001
Body composition
Total body fat (%)	−0.07 (− 0.21;0.08)	0.391	−0.43 (− 0.62;-0.25)	< 0.001	−0.69 (− 1.03;-0.34)	< 0.001
VAT (Kg)	− 0.03 (− 0.05;0.00)	0.052	−0.06 (− 0.09;-0.03)	0.001	−0.06 (− 0.12;0.01)	0.075
Total body muscle mass (%)	0.05 (−0.09;0.20)	0.465	0.40 (0.22;0.56)	< 0.001	0.62 (0.29;0.95)	< 0.001
Clinical parameters
HbA1c (%)	−0.02 (− 0.04;-0.01)	0.006	− 0.03 (− 0.05;-0.01)	0.002	−0.08 (− 0.12;-0.05)	< 0.001
Glucose (mg/dL)	− 0.09 (− 0.64;0.45)	0.736	−1.05 (− 1.73;-0.38)	0.002	−2.15 (−3.44;-0.87)	0.001
HDL (mg/dL)	0.11 (− 0.10;0.31)	0.306	0.27 (0.01;0.52)	0.039	1.15 (0.67;1.63)	< 0.001
LDL (mg/dL)	0.30 (−0.58;1.19)	0.502	0.34 (−0.75;1.43)	0.538	1.43 (−0.63;3.48)	0.174
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	−0.89 (−2.35;0.58)	0.235	−1.98 (−3.78;-0.17)	0.032	−9.40 (−12.8;-5.99)	< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)	0.09 (−0.24;0.41)	0.597	−0.02 (− 0.42;0.38)	0.906	0.35 (− 0.41;1.11)	0.363
DBP (mmHg)	−0.07 (− 0.26;0.11)	0.431	− 0.08 (− 0.30;0.15)	0.505	0.36 (− 0.07;0.79)	0.105

Values shown are β (95% CI). These represent the change in outcome variables when substituting 30 min/day of inactive time with time in bed and physical activity. Abbreviations: LPA light physical activity, MVPA moderate-vigorous physical activity, BMI body mass index, VAT visceral adipose tissue, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, SBP; systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure. Linear regression models were used to assess isotemporal substitution of inactive time with: time in bed, light PA and MVPA, adjusting for age, sex, educational level, marital status, erMedDiet, smoking and total wear time
^aT1, Men (min 3.79 / max 7.6), Women (min 2.64 / max 7.15). T2 Men (min 7.61 / 9.34max); Women (min 7.16 / 8.73max). T3, Men (min 9.35 / 17.2 max), Women (min 8.74/ 15.15max). Tertiles were calculated using the total sample of 2189, and the sample size shown corresponds to the distribution of these 2189 individuals within tertiles

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