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Table 1 Socio-demographic, lifestyle and dietary characteristics of participants at baseline, during follow-up and average change over 5-year of follow-up
| Parameters | Baseline Mean (SD) | Average during follow-up Mean (SD) | Average yearly change during follow-up Mean (5th, 95th percentiles) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic and lifestyle | |||
| Males sex (%) | 42 | ||
| Age (years) | 67.0 (6.2) | ||
| Body weight (kg) | 76.7 (12.0) | 76.4 (12.1) | −0.13 (−2.89, 2.60) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.0 (3.8) | 29.9 (3.9) | −0.05 (− 1.15, 1.00) |
| Obesity prevalence (%) | 47 | ||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 100 (10) | 100 (10) | −0.04 (−5.00, 5.00) |
| Abdominal obesity prevalence (%) | 73 | ||
| Diabetes prevalence (%) | 48 | ||
| Current smoker (%) | 14 | ||
| Higher education/technician (%) | 7 | ||
| Physical activity (METs. min/d) | 233 (239) | 250 (213) | 3.96 (− 155, 163) |
| Total energy intake (kcal/d) | 2239 (543) | 2189 (432) | −33.4 (− 487, 429) |
| Adherence to MedDiet (14-points score) | 9 (2) | 10 (2) | 0.5 (−1.0, 2.5) |
| Food groups intake (serving/d) | |||
| EVOO | 2.11 (2.31) | 3.48 (2.13) | 0.49 (−1.50, 2.50) |
| Nuts | 0.34 (0.46) | 0.57 (0.54) | 0.07 (−0.36, 0.65) |
| Fruits | 1.84 (1.01) | 1.98 (0.78) | 0.05 (−0.75, 0.93) |
| Low-fat milk | 1.07 (0.99) | 1.11 (0.81) | 0.04 (−0.75, 0.83) |
| Fish and seafood | 0.87 (0.44) | 0.92 (0.32) | 0.01 (−0.33, 0.36) |
| Low-fat yogurt | 0.29 (0.41) | 0.32 (0.36) | 0.01 (−0.31, 0.32) |
| White meat | 0.44 (0.26) | 0.47 (0.20) | 0.01 (−0.22, 0.26) |
| Legumes | 0.14 (0.08) | 0.15 (0.06) | 0.00 (−0.06, 0.07) |
| Vegetables | 1.51 (0.68) | 1.53 (0.53) | 0.00 (−0.50, 0.54) |
| Eggs | 0.33 (0.19) | 0.34 (0.14) | 0.00 (−0.14, 0.14) |
| Refined grains | 0.34 (0.24) | 0.33 (0.17) | 0.00 (−0.18, 0.21) |
| Breakfast cereals | 0.10 (0.35) | 0.11 (0.30) | 0.00 (−0.14, 0.19) |
| Whole bread | 0.37 (0.78) | 0.35 (0.57) | −0.01 (− 0.57, 0.50) |
| Snacks, fast foods and pre-pared dishes | 0.32 (0.41) | 0.31 (0.34) | −0.01 (− 0.34, 0.28) |
| SSB | 0.18 (0.43) | 0.15 (0.29) | −0.01 (− 0.29, 0.22) |
| Natural juices | 0.14 (0.33) | 0.13 (0.25) | −0.01 (− 0.22, 0.22) |
| ASB | 0.11 (0.42) | 0.09 (0.31) | −0.01 (− 0.20, 0.14) |
| Margarine | 0.08 (0.26) | 0.06 (0.17) | −0.01 (− 0.17, 0.09) |
| Butter | 0.04 (0.18) | 0.03 (0.13) | −0.01 (− 0.07, 0.03) |
| Cheese | 0.59 (0.52) | 0.54 (0.37) | −0.02 (− 0.43, 0.36) |
| Potatoes | 0.54 (0.32) | 0.51 (0.21) | −0.02 (− 0.36, 0.28) |
| Whole-fat yogurt | 0.12 (0.29) | 0.09 (0.19) | −0.02 (− 0.25, 0.14) |
| Whole-fat milk | 0.23 (0.60) | 0.15 (0.43) | −0.03 (− 0.39, 0.09) |
| Alcoholic beverages | 0.78 (1.29) | 0.71 (1.06) | −0.03 (− 0.60, 0.50) |
| Red meat | 0.39 (0.29) | 0.30 (0.20) | −0.04 (− 0.27, 0.16) |
| White bread | 1.24 (1.19) | 1.16 (0.90) | −0.04 (−1.00, 0.86) |
| Coffee/tea | 1.46 (1.10) | 1.35 (0.87) | −0.04 (− 0.91, 0.79) |
| Processed meat | 0.87 (0.66) | 0.71 (0.41) | −0.06 (− 0.59, 0.38) |
| Other vegetable oils | 0.30 (0.83) | 0.10 (0.36) | −0.09 (− 0.50, 0.07) |
| Sweets | 2.34 (2.68) | 1.94 (2.10) | −0.19 (−2.22, 1.37) |
| Olive oil | 1.75 (2.00) | 0.97 (1.42) | −0.26 (−2.50, 1.25) |
