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Table 2 Population characteristics by gender (values are percentages unless stated otherwise). The EDEN mother-child cohort

From: Clusters of diet, physical activity, television exposure and sleep habits and their association with adiposity in preschool children: the EDEN mother-child cohort

 

Boys

Girls

Maternal characteristics at inclusion or delivery

N = 750

N = 686

 Maternal education

No diploma

24.1

23.6

High school diploma

16.9

18.7

2-year university degree

23.1

22.3

≥ 3-year university degree

35.9

35.4

 Maternal age at delivery (y), mean (SD)

 

29.8 (4.7)

29.8 (4.8)

 Primiparous (yes)

 

46.6

48.3

Child behavioral characteristics at 2 years of age

N = 750b

N = 686b

 French fries/chips

Never

8.7

8.7

< 1 time/month

18.8

19.4

1–3 times/month

47.4

44.3

1–3 times/week

23.4

26.0

4–6 times/week

1.5

1.3

1 time/day

0.1

0.3

Several times/day

0.1

0.0

 Sweetened beverages at meals (yes)

 

20.5

12.4

 Cooked vegetables

Never

1.2

0.7

< 1 time/month

1.5

1.0

1–3 times/month

7.3

6.6

1–3 times/week

22.8

22.8

4–6 times/week

26.8

26.1

1 time/day

29.0

29.0

Several times/day

11.4

13.8

 TV/DVD watching time

0 min/day

12.3

11.8

> 0 to ≤30 min/day

40.5

43.8

> 30 to ≤60 min/day

25.9

21.4

> 60 min/day

21.3

23.0

 TV on during meals

Never

39.3

41.2

Sometimes

26.5

28.6

Often

21.1

19.4

Always

13.2

10.8

 Total sleep duration, h/d, mean (SD)

 

13 h09 (0 h58)

13 h13 (0 h59)

 Outdoor play time, h/d, mean (SD)

Spring

2 h11 (1 h07)

1 h55 (1 h08)

Summer

2 h37 (1 h19)

2 h31 (1 h09)

Autumn

1 h50 (1 h05)

1 h37 (0 h57)

Winter

1 h17 (0 h46)

1 h09 (0 h42)

Child anthropometry at 2 years of age

 

N = 747

N = 686

 Prevalence of overweight (including obesity), IOTF a

 

4.8

4.1

Child behavioral characteristics at 5 years of age

N = 633b

N = 562b

 French fries/chips

Never

0.5

0.5

< 1 time/month

12.0

11.4

1–3 times/month

51.4

56.2

1–3 times/week

34.6

30.6

4–6 times/week

1.1

0.7

1 time/day

0.5

0.4

Several times/day

0.0

0.2

 Sweetened beverages at meals (yes)

 

19.8

16.6

 Cooked vegetables

Never

0.8

0.5

< 1 time/month

2.5

1.1

1–3 times/month

7.6

7.5

1–3 times/week

32.2

33.9

4–6 times/week

29.5

28.4

1 time/day

20.8

18.9

Several times/day

6.7

9.6

 TV/DVD watching time, h/d, mean (SD)

 

1 h23 (0 h47)

1 h15 (0 h47)

 TV on during meals

Never

35.8

36.5

Sometimes

32.4

34.9

Often

21.2

19.6

Always

10.6

9.1

 Participation in organized sports (yes)

 

48.2

51.8

 Outdoor play time, h/d, mean (SD)

Spring

1 h53 (0 h56)

1 h44 (0 h50)

Summer

1 h59 (1 h07)

1 h50 (0 h56)

Autumn

1 h24 (0 h44)

1 h16 (0 h46)

Winter

1 h24 (1 h00)

1 h04 (0 h46)

 Night sleep duration, h/d, mean (SD)

 

10 h51 (0 h29)

10 h54 (0 h27)

Child anthropometry at 5 years of age

N = 592

N = 509

 Prevalence of overweight (including obesity) IOTF a

 

5.7

9.4

 Body fat percentage, mean (SD)

 

12.5 (2.8)

16.6 (3.2)

  1. Bold figures indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05) for Chi2 test or t-test
  2. Abbreviations: h hours, d day, SD Standard deviation
  3. aInternational Obesity Task Force cut-off
  4. bN may deviate from total sample size because of missing values for behavioral variables