Table 3 Reliability of subjective sedentary behaviour measurement tools
First author (year) Measure examined | Reliability | Â | Â | Quality of study | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Interval | n | ICC (95%CI) | Other results | ||
1-item questionnaires | |||||
EEPAQ; Elderly EXERNET Physical Activity Questionnaire [17] Lopez-Rodriguez et al. 2017 | 2 wk | 73 | 0.68 | Â | Good |
GPAQ; Global Physical Activity Questionnaire [21] Chu et al. 2018 | 1 wk | 78 | Self-administered: 0.68 (0.47; 0.82) Interview-administered: 0.78 (0.64; 0.88) | Â | Good |
IPAQ (short); International Physical Activity Questionnaire [26] Craig et al. 2003 | 8–10 d | 2721 |  | Correlation Range: 0.18–0.95 | Fair |
IPAQ (short); International Physical Activity Questionnaire) [44] Rosenberg et al. 2008 | 3–7 d | 255/257 | Wk 0.59 Wknd 0.72 Total 0.81 |  | Good |
Modified MOSPA-Q; MONICA Optional Study on Physical Activity Questionnaire [28] Chau et al. 2012 | 1 wk | 75 | 0.54 (0.36; 0.68) | Â | Good |
PPAQ; Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire [29] Simpson et al. 2015 | 3–6 mo | 130 | 0.71 (0.61; 0.74) | Correlation 3 mo 0.39 (0.33; 0.51) 6 mo 0.43 (0.43; 0.60) | Fair |
SED-GIH [30] Larsson et al. 2018 | 5.2 d (min 1 d, max 16 d) | 94 | 0.86 (95% CI 0.79–0.90) | Weighted Kappa 0.77 (95% CI 0.68–0.86) | Good |
SQ; Single Question [32] Aguilar-Farias et al. 2015 | 1 wk | 38 | D 0.79; wk. 0.80; wknd: 0.78 | Â | Fair |
TASST; TAxonomy of Self-report SB Tools [34] 1) Single item total times; 2) TV time Dontje et al. 2018 | 1d, 1Â wk | 18 | Previous day recall: 1) 0.414 (0.227; 0.655) 2) 0.595 (0.412; 0.783) Previous week recall: 1) 0.531 (0.1; 0.794) 2) 0.856 (0.657; 0.944) | Â | Poor |
YPAS; Yale Physical Activity Survey for Older Adults [36] Gennuso et al. 2015 | 10 d | 58 | 0.588 P < 0.001 |  | Good |
Gao et al. 2017 [102] | 1 d | 70 |  | Day-to-day variation: 9.4% ± 11.4% | Poor |
2–9-item questionnaires | |||||
AQuAA; Activity Questionnaire for Adults and Adolescents [38] Chinapaw et al. 2009 | 2 wk | 47 | 0.60 (0.40; 0.74) | Â | Good |
CHAMPS; Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors [40] Hekler et al. 2012 | 6 mo | 748 | 0.56 | Â | Fair |
CHAMPS; Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors [36] Gennuso et al. 2017 | 10 d | 58 | CHAMPS: 0.638 P < 0.001 |  | Good |
FPACQ; Flemish Physical Activity Computerized Questionnaire [41] Matton et al. 2007 | 2 wk | 102 | Employed / unemployed Eat M 0.74 (0.53; 0.86); F 0.67 (0.43; 0.82) Sleep M 0.84 (0.70; 0.92); F 0.83 (0.70; 0.91) Tv M 0.93 (0.86; 0.97); F 0.92 (0.84; 0.96) Retired individuals Eat M 0.24 (− 0.20; 0.61); F 0.14 (− 0.35; 0.58) Sleep M 0.94 (0.86; 0.98); F 0.90 (0.75; 0.97) Tv M 0.76 (0.49; 0.89); F 0.89 (0.72; 0.96) |  | Good |
IPAQ (long); International Physical Activity Questionnaire [82] Chau et al. 2011 | 1 wk | 95 | Wk: 0.69 (0.56; 0.78) Wknd: 0.65 (0.51; 0.76) Total: 0.73 (0.61; 0.81) | Â | Good |
IPAQ (long); International Physical Activity Questionnaire [26] Craig et al. 2003 | 8–10 d | 2721 |  | Range: 0.28–0.93 | Fair |
IPAQ (long); International Physical Activity Questionnaire [44] Rosenberg et al. 2008 | 3–7 d | 255/257 | Wk 0.81 Wknd 0.84 Total 0.82 |  | Good |
OPAQ; Occupational Physical Activity Questionnaire [48] Reis et al. 2005 | 2 wk | 41 | 0.78 (0.62; 0.87) | Â | Fair |
OSPAQ; Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire [28] Chau et al. 2012 | 1 wk | 84 | 0.89 (0.83; 0.92) | Â | Good |
OSPAQ; Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire [51] Jancey et al. 2014 | 7 d | 99 | 0.66 (0.49; 0.77) | Â | Good |
OSPAQ; Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire [49] Pedersen et al. 2016 | 1 wk | 75 | 0.44 (0.24; 0.60) | Â | Good |
PASB-Q; Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire [54] Fowles et al. 2017 | 7 d | 35 |  | Correlation Total SB: 0.85 Breaks: 0.86 Work: 0.88 Leisure: 0.66 All P < 0.05 | Fair |
Regicor Short Physical Activity Questionnaire [59] Molina et al. 2017 | 1 wk | 114 | 0.908 (0.867; 0.937) | Â | Fair |
RPAQ; Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire [58] Besson at el. 2010 | F 14.3 (3.7) d M 16.4 (5.9) d | 131 | 0.76 (P < 0.001) | No exact numbers available for MD and LoA, figure only | Good |
SCCS PAQ; Southern Community Cohort Study Physical Activity Questionnaire [60] Buchowski et al. 2012 | 12–15 mo | 118 |  | Correlation Total: 0.33, P = 0.002 In car/bus: 0.33, P = 0.002 At work: 0.48, P < 0.001 Viewing TV/movies: 0.53, P< 0.001 Using home computer: 0.25, P = 0.02 Other: 0.24, P = 0.02 | Poor |
SITBRQ: Workplace Sitting Breaks Questionnaire [61] Pedisic et al. 2014 | 7–14 d | 96 |  | Correlation Freq breaks: 0.71 (0.59; 0.79) Duration breaks: 0.59 (0.45; 0.71) Cohen’s kappa Freq breaks: 0.74 (0.64; 0.84) Duration breaks: 0.61 (0.38; 0.85) | Good |
Stand Up For Your Health Questionnaire [62] Gardiner et al. 2011 | 7 d | 48 | Total: 0.52 (0.27; 0.70) TV viewing: 0.76 (0.62; 0.86) Computer use: 0.79 (0.65; 0.88) Reading: 0.74 (0.51; 0.86) Socializing: 0.38 (0.11; 0.60) Transport: 0.40 (0.14; 0.61) Hobbies: 0.35 (0.07; 0.58) Other: 0.04 (− 0.25; 0.32) |  | Fair |
STAQ; Sedentary, Transportation and Activity Questionnaire [63] Mensah et al. 2016 | 1 mo | 32 | Total 0.52 (0.22; 0.73) Leisure 0.37 (0.03; 0.62) Transport 0.28 (− 0.06; 0.56) Work 0.71 (0.49; 0.84) See article for more settings |  | Good |
Survey of older adults’ sedentary time [64] Gennuso et al. 2016 | 7 d | 44 | 0.48 P < 0.001 |  | Fair |
Web-based physical activity questionnaire Active-Q [65] Bonn et al. 2015 | 3 wk | 148 | 0.80 (0.74–0.86) |  | Good |
WSWQ; Percentage-Method Improves Properties of Workers’ Sitting- and Walking-Time Questionnaire [66] Matsoe et al. 2016 | 1 wk | 62 | Non-working time: Time = 0.49 (0.28–0.66) Percentage = 0.71 (0.56–0.81) Non-working day: Time = 0.64 (0.47–0.76) Percentage = 0.78 (0.66–0.86) |  | Good |
Mielke et al. 2020 [70] | 7 d | 78 |  | Lin’s CCC 0.87 (0.81–0.92) | Poor |
Sudholz et al. 2017 [71] | 7 d | 59 | Sitting time 0.78 (0.65; 0.86) Breaks 0.65 (0.48; 0.78) | Â | Good |
≥10-item questionnaires | |||||
ASBQ: Adult sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire [21] Chu et al. 2018 | 1 wk | 84 | Self-administered: Total 0.74 (0.51; 0.86) Work 0.70 (0.43; 0.84) Transport 0.59 (0.22; 0.78) Eating 0.73 (0.48; 0.86) TV 0.85 (0.73; 0.92) Computer 0.57 (0.32; 0.75) Other 0.33 (0.04; 0.57) Interview-administered Total 0.66 (0.37; 0.81) Work 0.89 (0.80; 0.94) Transport 0.78 (0.59; 0.88) Eating: 0.71 (0.47; 0.84) TV 0.81 (0.67; 0.89) Computer 0.62 (0.40; 0.78) Other 0.42 (0.13; 0.64) | Â | Good |
MPAQ; Madras Physical Activity Questionnaire [73] Anjana et al. 2015 | 1 mo | 543 | Total: 0.81 TV viewing: 0.67 | Â | Good |
MSTQ; Multicontext Sitting Time Questionnaire [74] Whitfield et al. 2013 | 7.2 d (− 3; 13.9) | 21 | Workday: Total 0.76 (0.50; 0.89) Working/reading/studying: 0.83 (0.62; 0.93) TV/movie: 0.93 (0.84; 0.97) Computer/video games: 0.39 (0.00; 0.70) Transport: 0.97 (0.93; 0.99) Socializing: 0.27 (0.00; 0.62) Non-working: Total 0.72 (0.42; 0.87) Working/reading/studying: 0.65 (0.31; 0.84) Tv/movies: 0.85 (0.67; 0.94) Computer/video games: 0.84 (0.64; 0.93) Transport: 0.70 (0.40; 0.87) Socializing: 0.62 (0.27; 0.83) |  | Poor |
SBQ; Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire [77] Rosenberg et al. 2010 | 2 wk | 49 | Weekdays: Total: 0.85 (0.75; 0.91) TV: 0.86 (0.76; 0.92) Computer games: 0.83 (0.72; 0.90). Sit listen to music: 0.71 (0.54; 0.83). Sit and talk on telephone: 0.81 (0.68; 0.89). Work: 0.77 (0.63; 0.87). Reading: 0.64 (0.44; 0.78). Playing music: 0.90 (0.82; 0.94). Arts and crafts: 0.70 (0.53; 0.82). Sitting driving in car: 0.76 (0.61; 0.86). Weekend Total: 0.77 (0.63; 0.86) TV: 0.83 (0.72; 0.90). Computer games: 0.80 (0.67; 0.88). Sit listen to music: 0.67 (0.49; 0.80). Sit and talk on telephone: 0.73 (0.57; 0.84). Work: 0.64 (0.44; 0.61). Reading:0.48 (0.24; 0.67). Playing music: 0.93 (0.87; 0.96). Arts and crafts: 0.51 (0.27; 0.69). Sitting driving in car: 0.72 (0.56; 0.83). | Â | Fair |
SIT-Q; Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire [78] Lynch et al. 2014 | 1 mo | 64 | Total: 0.65 (0.49; 0.78) Meals: 0.60 (0.42; 0.74) Transportation: 0.59 (0.41; 0.73) Work, study, and volunteering: 0.86 (0.78; 0.91) Leisure: 0.61 (0.43; 0.74) | Â | Good |
SIT-Q-7d; last 7-d sedentary behavior questionnaire [79] Busschaert etl al. 2015 | Adults: 14 ± 5 d Older adults: 9 ± 1 d | 42 | Adults: Range 0.06; 1.00 Older adults: Range − 0.20; 1.00 |  | Poor |
SIT-Q-7d; last 7-d sedentary behavior questionnaire [80] Wijndeale et al.2014 | 3.3 wk. (2; 8 wk) | Dutch: 53 English: 281 | Average day Dutch Total: 0.68 (0.50; 0.81) Transportation: 0.58 (0.37; 0.74) Occupation: 0.66 (0.46; 0.79) Screen time: 0.50 (0.26; 0.68) Other leisure time: 0.52 (0.29; 0.70) Breaks occupation:0.26 (− 0.07; 0.54) Breaks TV viewing: 0.31 (− 0.01; 0.57) English Total: 0.53 (0.44; 0.62) Transportation:0.50 (0.40; 0.58) Occupation: 0.74 (0.67; 0.80) Screen time: 0.61 (0.53; 0.67) Other leisure time: 0.45 (0.35; 0.54 Breaks occupation: 0.12 (− 0.04; 0.28) Breaks TV viewing: 0.28 (0.15; 0.39) See article for more settings and weekdays / weekend days |  | Good |
STAR-Q [81] Csizmadi et al. 2014 | 3 mo 6 mo | 95 96 | Total: 0.53 (0.37; 0.66) 0.45 (0.28; 0.59) Work: 0.69 (0.57; 0.78) 0.69 (0.57; 0.78) TV viewing: 0.72 (0.61; 0.80) 0.63 (0.49; 0.74) Computer: 0.60 (0.46; 0.71) 0.62 (0.48; 0.73) Reading: 0.56 (0.41; 0.68) 0.39 (0.21; 0.55) | Â | Fair |
TASST TAxonomy of Self-report SB Tools [34] Dontje et al. 2018 | 1 d, 1 wk | 18 | Previous day recall: Sum of behaviours 0.743 (0.591; 0.874) Previous week recall: Sum of behaviours 0.758 (0.462; 0.902) | Â | Poor |
WSQ; Workforce Sitting Questionnaire [82] Chau et al. 2011 | 1 wk | 95 | Workday Total: 0.65 (0.51; 0.75) Transport: 0.67 (0.54; 0.77) Work: 0.63 (0.49; 0.74) TV: 0.91 (0.87; 0.94) Computer: 0.56 (0.40; 0.69) Other leisure activities: 0.68 (0.55; 0.78) Non-work Total: 0.80 (0.72; 0.87) Transport: 0.60 (0.45; 0.72) Work: 0.50 (0.33; 0.64) TV: 0.79 (0.69; 0.85) Computer: 0.81 (0.73; 0.87) Other leisure activities: 0.59 (0.44; 0.71) Total 0.73 (0.61; 0.81) | Â | Good |
Ishii et al. 2018 [85] | 2 wk | 34 | Total 0.74 (0.55–0.86) Workday Car 0.85 (0.71–0.92) Public transport 0.60 (0.33; 0.78) Work 0.89 (0.80; 0.95) TV 0.76 (0.58; 0.88) Computer 0.72 (0.51; 0.85) Leisure 0.45 (0.15; 0.68) Total 0.77 (0.60; 0.88) Non-workday Car 0.53 (0.24; 0.74) Public transport 0.20 (− 0.15; 0.78) Work − 0.07 (− 0.40; 0.28) TV 0.79 (0.63; 0.89) Computer 0.72 (0.51; 0.85) Leisure 0.46 (0.14; 0.69) Total 0.53 (0.24; 0.73) |  | Fair |
Marshall et al. 2010 [86] | mean 11 d (range 7–28 d) | 101 | Work M 0.86 (0.79; 0.90) F 0.79 (0.73; 0.84) TV M wk. 0.65 (0.52; 0.75); wknd 0.62 (0.48; 0.73) Computer F wk. 0.63 (0.52; 0.71); wknd: 0.72 (0.64; 0.79) M wk. 0.62 (0.48; 0.73); wknd: 0.59 (0.44; 0.71) | Total sedentary time M Wk MD − 4.3 min (LoA − 189.2; 180.7) Wknd MD − 8.1 min (LoA − 195.0; 178.8) F Wk MD − 3.9 min (LoA − 235.4; 227.5) Wknd MD − 5.6 min (LoA − 125.1; 113.9) | Good |
Van Cauwenberg et al. 2014 [87] | 8 d (1.7) | 428 | Total 0.77 (0.57; 0.89) TV viewing: 0.92 (0.83; 0.96) Computer use: 0.76 (0.54; 0.88) Reading: 0.60 (0.29; 0.79) Hobbies: 0.57 (0.26; 0.78) Seated conversation/listening: 0.40 (0.04; 0.67) Telephone: 0.69 (0.43; 0.84) Public transport: 0.46 (0.11; 0.71) Driving car: 0.79 (0.59; 0.90) Passenger in car: 0.11 (− 0.27; 0.46) Household: 0.12 (− 0.18; 0.53) Resting: 0.20 (− 0.18; 0.53) Eating: 0.46 (0.11; 0.71) |  | Good |
Visser et al. 2013 [88] | 23 d (SD 8) | 63 | 0.71 (0.57; 0.81) | Â | Fair |
Logs and diaries | |||||
BeWell24 Self-Monitoring App [91] Toledo et al. 2017 | 2 wk | 17 | 0.65 (0.43; 0.82) | Â | Poor |
cpar24; Computer-Based 24-Hour Physical Activity Recall Instrument [92] Kohler et al. 2017 | 3 hrs | 67 | 0.75 |  | Fair |
MARCA; Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adults [32] Aguilar-Farias et al. 2015 | 0.5–1 hrs | 38 | 2 days before 0.72; yesterday 0.96 |  | Fair |
Time Use Survey [96] van der Ploeg et al. 2014 | 7 d | 134 | Non-occupational 0.55 (0.42; 0.66) Occupational 0.63 (0.51; 0.72) | Â | Excellent |