Table 3 Association of daily step counts at baseline and outcome in selected studiesa
| Reference | Sample size (events; %) | Age, years mean ± SD or median (IQR) | Outcome | Follow-up time (years) | Study reported | Standardizedb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daily step count unit | Tested for non-linearity | Risk reduction | Risk reduction | |||||
| Dwyer, 2015 [15] | 2576 (219; 8.5%) | 58.8 ± 13.2 | All-cause mortality | 10 | 1000 steps/day | Yes | 6% | 6% |
| Yamamoto, 2018c [19] | 419 (76; 18.1%) | 71.0 ± 0.0 | All-cause mortality | 10 | 1000 steps/day | Yes | 7%c | 7%c |
| Jefferis, 2019 [17] | 1181 (194; 16.4%) | 78.4 ± 4.6 | All-cause mortality | 5 | 1000 steps/day | Yes | 14% | 14% |
| Fox, 2015 [16] | 201 (33; 16.4%) | Not reported | All-cause mortality | 4–5 | 1000 steps/day | No | 36% | 36% |
| Lee, 2019 [18] | 16,741 (504; 3%) | 72.0 ± 5.7 | All-cause mortality | 4 | 1000 steps/day | Yes | 18% | 18% |
| Jefferis, 2019 [22] | 1181 (122; 10.3%) | 78.4 ± 4.6 | Myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure morbidity or mortality | 5 | 1000 steps/day | Yes | 14% | 14% |
| Yates, 2014 [23] | 9018 (531; 5.9%) | 63.0 (58.0–69.0) | Composite of time to death from cardiovascular causes, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or non-fatal stroke | 5 | 2000 steps/day | Yes | 10% | 5% |
| Cochrane, 2017 [20] | 1590 (234; 14.7%) | 78.9 ± 5.2 | Composite of cardiovascular disease events | 2 | 500 steps/day | No | 11% | 21% |
| Kraus, 2018 [26] | 9306 (3254;35.0%) | 65.0 (59.0–71.0) | Diabetes incidence | 5 | 2000 steps/day | Yes | 4% | 2% |
| Ponsonby, 2011 [27] | 458 (26; 5.7%) | 49.7 ± 1.5 | Incident dysglycemia | 5 | 1000 steps/day | Yes | 13% | 13% |