Fig. 2

Outcomes from included school meal nudge studies (n = 20) listed by school meal component. Note. Positive (green), mixed (yellow), null (grey), and negative (red) outcomes are displayed for each meal component category (vegetables, fruits, entrée, milk, and water). One study [45] (not displayed in this figure) also measured participation in school meals. Only three studies were ranked as high quality [35, 45, 50]. All others were of moderate quality. Outcomes for studies in the following categories 1) placement or convenience, 2) marketing or promotion, 3) variety or portions, and 4) multi-component studies appear in Supplemental Figure 1