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Table 3 Results of Cox proportional hazards analyses investigating the association between self-report daily TV viewing time and cancer incidence (excluding cancers diagnosed within the first 2 years following baseline)

From: The association between recreational screen time and cancer risk: findings from the UK Biobank, a large prospective cohort study

  

1 h increase in TV viewing time

p-value

≤1 h

1- ≤ 3 h (reference)

3- ≤ 5 h

> 5 h

Skin, melanoma

Cases

1192

 

222

613

299

58

 

HR (95% CI)a

1.02(0.98,1.06)

0.39**

0.93(0.80,1.09)

1.00

1.04(0.90,1.20)

1.004(0.76,1.33)

Oropharyngeal

Cases

410

 

69

197

105

39

 

HR (95% CI)

1.04(0.99,1.10)

0.12

0.90(0.68,1.19)

1.00

1.02(0.80,1.30)

1.27(0.89,1.84)

Lung

Cases

1461

 

165

638

467

191

 

HR (95% CI)h

1.02(0.99,1.05)

0.21**

0.87(0.73,1.03)

1.00

0.97(0.86,1.10)

1.10(0.93,1.30)

Breast (female only)

Cases

3288

 

657

1724

756

151

 

HR (95% CI)b, h

1.004(0.98,1.03)

0.76**

0.90(0.82,0.99)

1.00

0.96(0.87,1.04)

0.94(0.79,1.11)

Uterus

Cases

567

 

102

270

165

30

 

HR (95% CI)c

0.98(0.93,1.04)

0.56**

1.05(0.83,1.33)

1.00

1.06(0.87,1.29)

0.75(0.50,1.10)

Ovary

Cases

404

 

69

204

109

22

 

HR (95% CI)

1.02(0.95,1.09)

0.60

0.88(0.67,1.16)

1.00

1.01(0.80,1.29)

0.93(0.59,1.46)

Prostate

Cases

4235

 

804

2127

1069

235

 

HR (95% CI)h

0.99(0.97,1.01)

0.34**

1.02(0.94,1.10)

1.00

0.98(0.91,1.06)

0.94(0.82,1.08)

Oesophagus

Cases

392

 

46

182

125

39

 

HR (95% CI)f

1.04(0.98,1.10)

0.20**

0.79(0.57,1.10)

1.00

1.08(0.86,1.37)

1.11(0.77,1.60)

Stomach

Cases

250

 

24

125

78

23

 

HR (95% CI)

1.06(0.99,1.14)

0.09

0.57(0.37,0.89)

1.00

0.996(0.74,1.33)

0.96(0.60,1.53)

Oesophagus and stomach

Cases

638

 

70

303

203

62

 

HR (95% CI)

1.05(1.011.10)

0.03**

0.71(0.54,0.92)

1.00

1.07(0.89,1.28)

1.07(0.80,1.42)

Hepatobiliary tract

Cases

348

 

51

156

100

41

 

HR (95% CI)

1.03(0.97,1.10)

0.29

0.9999(0.72,1.38)

1.00

1.001(0.77,1.29)

1.36(0.94,1.95)

Pancreatic

Cases

463

 

75

215

140

33

 

HR (95% CI)d

1.01(0.95,1.06)

0.85

1.02(0.78,1.33)

1.00

1.09(0.88,1.36)

0.91(0.62,1.34)

Kidney

Cases

583

 

90

280

161

52

 

HR (95% CI)

0.99(0.94,1.04)

0.75

1.02(0.80,1.30)

1.00

0.95(0.77,1.15)

1.11(0.81,1.51)

Bladder

Cases

461

 

57

208

155

41

 

HR (95% CI)

1.03(0.98,1.09)

0.25**

0.88(0.65,1.19)

1.00

1.19(0.96,1.47)

1.10(0.77,1.55)

Colorectal

Cases

2281

 

383

1118

621

159

 

HR (95% CI)e, g, f (males)

1.03(0.998,1.05)

0.07**

0.95(0.85,1.07)

1.00

1.03(0.93,1.14)

1.10(0.93,1.31)

Colon

Cases

1478

 

246

712

407

113

 

HR (95% CI)e, g, f (males)

1.04(1.01,1.07)

0.02**

0.97(0.84,1.13)

1.00

1.05(0.92,1.19)

1.22(0.99,1.50)

Rectum

Cases

754

 

134

373

201

46

 

HR (95% CI)e, g

1.000(0.96,1.05)

0.995

0.98(0.80,1.20)

1.00

1.03(0.87,1.23)

0.99(0.72,1.36)

Brain tumours

Cases

333

 

58

178

80

17

 

HR (95% CI)

1.03(0.96,1.11)

0.38

0.85(0.62,1.15)

1.00

0.89(0.68,1.17)

0.81(0.48,1.35)

Thyroid

Cases

161

 

32

85

35

9

 

HR (95% CI)

0.99(0.89,1.09)

0.78

0.91(0.60,1.38)

1.00

0.88(0.59,1.32)

0.998(0.49,2.03)

Haematological malignancies

Cases

1786

 

315

888

470

113

 

HR (95% CI)

1.003(0.97,1.03)

0.86**

0.96(0.84,1.10)

1.00

0.98(0.87,1.10)

0.95(0.78,1.17)

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Cases

886

 

138

431

254

43

 

HR (95% CI)

1.02(0.98,1.07)

0.26

0.84(0.69,1.02)

1.00

1.12(0.95,1.31)

0.78(0.57,1.08)

  1. aAdditional site-specific covariates in the final model include use of sun/UV protection (Never/rarely/sometimes; most of the time/always; do not go out in sunshine)
  2. bAdditional site-specific covariates in the final model include HRT use (ever used/never used), oral contraceptive use (ever used/never used), number of live births (0, 1, 2, 3+ live births), age at menarche (early menarche [< 12 years], menarche at 12–14 years, late menarche [≥15 years]), age at menopause (< 40 years, 40–44 years, 45–49 years, 50–54 years, 55–59 years, 60–64 years, ≥65 years, not had menopause/unsure), hysterectomy status (had hysterectomy, not had hysterectomy/unsure)
  3. cAdditional site-specific covariates in the final model include HRT use (ever used/never used), oral contraceptive use (ever used/never used), number of live births (0, 1, 2, 3+ live births), age at menarche (early menarche [< 12 years], menarche at 12–14 years, late menarche [≥15 years]), age at menopause (< 40 years, 40–44 years, 45–49 years, 50–54 years, 55–59 years, 60–64 years, ≥65 years, not had menopause/unsure), hysterectomy status (had hysterectomy, not had hysterectomy/unsure)
  4. dAdditional site-specific covariates in the final model include diabetes at baseline (yes/no)
  5. eAdditional site-specific covariates in the final model include diabetes at baseline (yes/no), aspirin use (regular use/non-regular use or no use), HRT use (ever used/never used; females only), red meat intake (portion/week), processed meat intake (portion/week)
  6. fFinal model also adjusted for waist-hip ratio (> 94 cm in men, > 80 cm in women)
  7. f(males)For cancer sites which were adjusted for different sets of covariates for males and females (colorectal, colon, rectum), this indicates that the final model for male participants was also adjusted for waist-hip ratio (> 94 cm in men)
  8. gResults for males and females combined using meta-analysis as covariates are different
  9. hFinal model also adjusted for family history of cancer (mother/father/sibling had cancer, no family history)
  10. **Schoenfeld test indicated potential violation of the proportional hazards assumption (p < 0.05)
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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