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Table 5 Meeting the sleep guideline: population prevalence and associations with sociodemographic variables

From: Trends and correlates of meeting 24-hour movement guidelines: a 15-year study among 167,577 Thai adults

Sociodemographic variable

Percentage (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

2001

2004

2009

2015

p-value

2001

2004

2009

2015

p-value

Total (n)

53.7 (53.2–54.2)

56.1 (55.6–56.6)

57.8 (57.4–58.3)

56.4 (56.0–56.9)

<  0.001**

     

Sex

 Male

51.7 (51.0–52.4)

54.5 (53.7–55.2)

55.6 (55.0–56.3)

53.7 (53.0–54.3)

0.494*

Ref

 Female

55.7 (55.0–56.4)

57.8 (57.1–58.5)

60.0 (59.4–60.6)

59.0 (58.4–59.6)

0.085*

1.28 (1.22–1.33)

1.25 (1.20–1.30)

1.32 (1.27–1.37)

1.35 (1.30–1.40)

0.715*

Age

 18–29

53.8 (52.9–54.6)

56.2 (55.4–57.1)

58.0 (57.2–58.8)

54.6 (53.8–55.5)

0.798*

Ref

 30–39

56.4 (55.5–57.4)

56.9 (55.9–57.9)

59.6 (58.8–60.5)

58.3 (57.4–59.2)

0.181*

1.10 (1.03–1.16)

0.94 (0.88–0.99)

0.99 (0.94–1.05)

1.02 (0.96–1.07)

0.900*

 40–49

53.9 (52.9–55.0)

56.6 (55.6–57.7)

57.6 (56.7–58.5)

58.4 (57.5–59.3)

0.002*

0.99 (0.94–1.06)

0.95 (0.89–1.01)

0.94 (0.89–0.99)

1.07 (1.01–1.13)

0.744*

 50–59

48.0 (46.7–49.3)

53.9 (52.6–55.1)

55.5 (54.4–56.5)

54.2 (53.2–55.2)

0.182*

0.83 (0.77–0.89)

0.9 (0.84–0.97)

0.93 (0.88–0.99)

0.96 (0.91–1.03)

0.563*

Household area

 Urban

52.1 (51.2–53.0)

57.0 (56.1–57.8)

58.0 (57.2–58.8)

58.2 (57.5–58.9)

0.065*

Ref

 Rural

54.5 (53.9–55.1)

55.7 (55.1–56.3)

57.8 (57.2–58.3)

54.8 (54.2–55.4)

0.816*

1.01 (0.96–1.07)

0.97 (0.92–1.02)

0.97 (0.93–1.02)

0.91 (0.87–0.95)

0.647*

Region

 Bangkok

48.3 (46.9–49.8)

57.5 (56.1–58.8)

55.3 (53.9–56.7)

58.7 (57.5–59.8)

0.123*

Ref

 Central

54.9 (53.9–56.0)

55.6 (54.5–56.6)

59.4 (58.5–60.3)

57.4 (56.6–58.2)

0.212*

1.33 (1.23–1.44)

0.94 (0.87–1.01)

1.27 (1.17–1.37)

1.03 (0.96–1.09)

0.633*

 North

57.0 (55.9–58.2)

56.0 (54.8–57.1)

56.8 (55.7–57.9)

54.8 (53.7–55.9)

0.103*

1.46 (1.34–1.59)

0.98 (0.90–1.07)

1.16 (1.07–1.26)

0.97 (0.90–1.04)

0.285*

 North-East

55.5 (54.6–56.3)

58.0 (57.1–58.9)

60.3 (59.5–61.1)

57.7 (56.8–58.6)

0.434*

1.36 (1.25–1.47)

1.05 (0.97–1.14)

1.38 (1.27–1.49)

1.12 (1.04–1.20)

0.741*

 South

46.7 (45.2–48.1)

51.0 (49.5–52.4)

52.5 (51.2–53.7)

51.1 (49.8–52.3)

0.220*

0.93 (0.85–1.02)

0.78 (0.71–0.86)

0.95 (0.87–1.04)

0.81 (0.75–0.87)

0.800*

Marital status

 Never married

53.2 (52.2–54.2)

53.0 (52.0–54.0)

56.2 (55.2–57.1)

54.7 (53.9–55.6)

0.229*

Ref

 Married

54.2 (53.6–54.8)

57.6 (57.0–58.2)

58.8 (58.2–59.3)

57.5 (57.0–58.1)

0.250*

0.98 (0.93–1.04)

1.20 (1.13–1.27)

1.10 (1.04–1.16)

1.10 (1.05–1.15)

0.814*

 Formerly married

49.9 (47.8–52.0)

52.1 (50.0–54.2)

54.0 (52.3–55.8)

53.2 (51.6–54.8)

0.101*

0.85 (0.77–0.94)

1.00 (0.90–1.11)

0.91 (0.84–0.99)

0.93 (0.85–1.00)

0.924*

Religion

 Buddhist

53.9 (53.3–54.4)

56.4 (55.9–56.9)

58.0 (57.6–58.5)

56.6 (56.1–57.0)

<  0.001**

Ref

 Non-Buddhist

50.7 (48.4–53.0)

51.2 (48.9–53.5)

54.2 (52.1–56.2)

53.3 (51.2–55.4)

0.070*

1.07 (0.97–1.19)

1.00 (0.90–1.11)

1.04 (0.95–1.14)

1.08 (0.98–1.18)

0.931*

Employment status

 Employed

55.1 (54.6–55.7)

58.2 (57.6–58.7)

60.1 (59.6–60.6)

58.8 (58.4–59.3)

0.149*

Ref

 Unemployed

46.9 (45.7–48.2)

46.6 (45.4–47.8)

47.0 (45.9–48.1)

46.1 (45.1–47.2)

0.353*

0.69 (0.65–0.73)

0.60 (0.56–0.63)

0.54 (0.51–0.57)

0.55 (0.53–0.58)

0.351*

Highest education level

 None

45.0 (42.2–47.8)

44.7 (41.9–47.5)

50.2 (48.0–52.3)

52.3 (50.9–53.8)

<  0.001*

Ref

 Primary

53.9 (53.3–54.5)

55.3 (54.6–56.0)

55.8 (55.1–56.4)

54.6 (53.8–55.3)

0.695*

1.41 (1.25–1.59)

1.40 (1.24–1.58)

1.14 (1.04–1.25)

1.05 (0.98–1.13)

0.261*

 Secondary

54.0 (53.0–55.0)

57.1 (56.2–58.1)

59.4 (58.5–60.2)

56.6 (55.8–57.4)

<  0.001**

1.53 (1.35–1.73)

1.68 (1.48–1.90)

1.42 (1.29–1.56)

1.19 (1.11–1.27)

0.275*

 Higher education

54.5 (52.9–56.0)

60.1 (58.7–61.5)

63.2 (62.1–64.2)

60.8 (59.9–61.8)

<  0.001**

1.48 (1.29–1.69)

1.73 (1.51–1.98)

1.67 (1.51–1.85)

1.43 (1.33–1.54)

0.740*

 Unspecified

58.2 (47.5–68.9)

63.1 (54.5–71.6)

53.0 (43.8–62.2)

50.9 (44.6–57.2)

0.045*

1.92 (1.22–3.06)

2.02 (1.38–3.00)

1.07 (0.73–1.58)

0.86 (0.66–1.11)

0.091*

  1. CI Confidence interval, OR Odds ratio adjusted for all other variables in the table, Ref Reference group
  2. * = linear model; ** = quadratic model