Effects of the KEIGAAF intervention on the BMI z-score and energy balance-related behaviors of primary school-aged children

Table 2 Change in sedentary and physical activity behavior during school days of intervention and control groups after one and 2 years (Model 1) and one- and two-year intervention effects (Model 2)

		Model 1								Model 2
		Intervention group (N = 419)				Control group (N = 104)				Intervention group vs. control group
		N	Mean (SD)^a	B (95% CI)^b	p	N	Mean (SD)^a	B (95% CI)^b	p	B (95% CI)^b	p	ES
%SB	T0	379	61.34 (6.58)			84	60.03 (7.11)
	T1	326	64.46 (6.39)	2.23 (1.58; 2.89)	0.00	75	62.66 (6.95)	2.24 (0.49; 3.99)	0.01	−0.14 (−1.64; 1.36)	0.85	−0.01
	T2	265	66.65 (6.40)	4.89 (4.16; 5.62)	0.00	67	66.39 (6.83)	4.45 (2.47; 6.43)	0.00	−0.41 (−2.15; 1.33)	0.64	−0.04
%LPA	T0	379	30.88 (5.07)			84	31.34 (5.36)
	T1	326	28.40 (4.92)	−1.82 (−2.34; −1.31)	0.00	75	29.11 (5.13)	−2.09 (−3.46; −0.73)	0.00	0.18 (−1.00; 1.36)	0.76	0.02
	T2	265	26.53 (4.77)	−4.19 (−4.76; − 3.63)	0.00	67	27.01 (5.27)	−2.72 (−4.19; −1.26)	0.00	−0.57 (−1.91; 0.77)	0.40	−0.07
%MVPA	T0	379	7.78 (2.89)			84	8.63 (3.78)
	T1	326	7.14 (2.59)	−0.36 (−0.67; −0.06)	0.02	75	8.23 (3.18)	−0.01 (− 0.74; 0.73)	0.98	− 0.06 (− 0.76; 0.64)	0.86	−0.01
	T2	265	6.82 (2.82)	−0.69 (−1.02; − 0.36)	0.00	67	6.60 (2.34)	−1.51 (−2.58; − 0.44)	0.01	0.95 (0.13; 1.76)	0.02	0.22
CPM	T0	379	1153.89 (288.75)^c			84	1270.87 (489.96)
	T1	326	1040.72 (259.40)	−80.65 (− 109.43; −51.88)	0.00	75	1131.00 (323.44)	−97.79 (− 207.32; 11.45)	0.08	35.87 (−40.17; 111.90)	0.35	0.07
	T2	265	972.08 (283.38)	− 161.14 (− 193.73; − 128.55)	0.00	67	926.21 (227.56)	− 278.18 (− 410.66; − 145.69)	0.00	130.52 (43.21; 217.83)	0.00	0.26

Note. Model 1: predictor variable is time / Model 2: predictor variable is time*condition (reference group = control group). Analyses were conducted using mixed model analysis with adjustment for clustering of data within persons and adjustment for clustering of data at school level
SB Sedentary behavior, LPA Light physical activity behavior, MVPA moderate-to-vigorous physical activity behavior, CMP counts per minute, N number of participants, T0 baseline measurement, T1 measurement at year one, T2 measurement at year 2, SD standard deviation, CI Confidence Interval, B unstandardized beta coefficient, p = p value.
Bold numbers are significant at p < .05.
^aMean is the observed SB, LPA, MVPA and CPM of participants with data
^bUnstandardized beta coefficient of linear mixed model adjusted for child age, gender, ethnicity, and BMI z-score at baseline, residential socioeconomic status score at baseline and weather conditions (i.e., sunshine, temperature, and precipitation)
^cSignificantly different at baseline compared with the control group, analyzed using the Welch’s test

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