Effects of the KEIGAAF intervention on the BMI z-score and energy balance-related behaviors of primary school-aged children

Table 3 Child-reported change in the percentage of children consuming breakfast before or specific foods and drinks at school for the intervention and control groups after one and 2 years (Model 1) and one- and two-year intervention effects (Model 2)

		Model 1								Model 2
		Intervention group (N = 419)				Control group (N = 104)				Intervention group vs control group
		N	Obs %^a	OR (95% CI)^b	p	N	Obs %^a	OR (95% CI)^b	p	OR (95% CI)^b	p
Breakfast (%yes)	T0	413	93.0			101	87.1
	T1	376	90.2	0.70 (0.42; 1.14)	0.15	90	76.7	0.46 (0.24; 0.91)	0.03	1.52 (0.63; 3.69)	0.35
	T2	353	89.0	0.62 (0.38; 1.02)	0.06	81	75.3	0.38 (0.19; 0.75)	0.01	1.68 (0.69; 4.08)	0.26
Fruit or vegetables (%yes)	T0	412	89.3^c			101	75.2
	T1	375	89.9	1.43 (0.94; 2.18)	0.09	90	75.6	0.95 (0.50; 1.80)	0.86	1.45 (0.70; 3.12)	0.31
	T2	352	90.9	1.60 (1.03; 2.49)	0.04	81	74.1	0.92 (0.48; 1.79)	0.81	1.70 (0.78; 3.70)	0.18
Candy, cookies or snacks (%yes)	T0	412	43.2			101	42.6
	T1	376	42.0	0.96 (0.74; 1.25)	0.76	90	35.6	0.76 (0.43; 1.32)	0.33	1.30 (0.71; 2.37)	0.40
	T2	353	37.1	0.77 (0.59; 1.01)	0.06	81	38.3	0.87 (0.49; 1.54)	0.64	0.89 (0.48; 1.66)	0.72
Sugar-sweetened beverages (%yes)	T0	412	54.1			101	47.5
	T1	376	50.0	0.87 (0.68; 1.11)	0.24	90	13.3	0.17 (0.09; 0.33)	0.00	4.86 (2.44; 9.68)	0.00
	T2	352	38.1	0.52 (0.40; 0.67)	0.00	81	7.4	0.09 (0.04; 0.20)	0.00	5.68 (2.37; 13.59)	0.00
Water (%yes)	T0	408	57.6			101	59.4
	T1	376	63.0	1.18 (0.93; 1.51)	0.18	90	95.6	15.56 (5.75; 42.12)	0.00	0.08 (0.03; 0.22)	0.00
	T2	352	71.6	1.85 (1.43; 2.41)	0.00	81	86.4	5.17 (2.52; 10.58)	0.00	0.39 (0.19; 0.79)	0.01

Note. Model 1: predictor variable is time (reference group = baseline measurement) / Model 2: predictor variable is time*condition (reference group = control group*baseline measurement). Analyses were conducted using GEE analysis with adjustment for clustering of data within persons. N number of participants, I intervention group, C control group, T0 baseline measurement, T1 measurement at year one, T2 measurement at year two, Obs % observed percentage, OR Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval, p = p value
Bold numbers are significant at p < .05.
^aObserved percentage of children that consumed breakfast on the morning of data collection and that consumed the food/drink the previous day at school
^bOdds ratio of GEE model adjusted for child age, gender, ethnicity, BMI z-score at baseline, and residential socioeconomic status score at baseline
^cSignificantly different at baseline compared with the control group, analyzed using the Chi-square test

ISSN: 1479-5868