Skip to main content

Table 4 Parent-reported change in the percentage of children adhering to or daily consuming specific foods and drinks for the intervention and control groups after one and 2 years (Model 1) and one- and two-year intervention effects (Model 2)

From: Effects of the KEIGAAF intervention on the BMI z-score and energy balance-related behaviors of primary school-aged children

 

Model 1

Model 2

Intervention group (N = 419)

Control group (N = 104)

Intervention group vs. control group

N

Obs %a

OR (95% CI)b

p

N

Obs %a

OR (95% CI)b

p

OR (95% CI)b

p

Adherence fruit recommendation (%yes)

T0

263

38.4

  

48

27.1

    

T1

242

42.6

1.08 (0.79; 1.48)

0.63

57

22.8

0.81 (0.32; 2.05)

0.66

1.34 (0.56; 3.18)

0.51

T2

252

35.3

0.80 (0.58; 1.10)

0.17

58

20.7

0.64 (0.25; 1.64)

0.35

1.22 (0.50; 2.96)

0.67

Adherence vegetable recommendation (%yes)

T0

250

26.0

  

52

23.1

    

T1

233

22.7

0.76 (0.51; 1.14)

0.19

58

12.1

0.44 (0.15; 1.27)

0.13

1.81 (0.61; 5.37)

0.29

T2

239

17.3

0.54 (0.35; 0.83)

0.01

54

3.7

0.12 (0.02; 0.56)

0.01

4.49 (0.99; 20.29)

0.05

Daily consumption of snacks (%yes)

T0

274

46.7

  

52

50.0

    

T1

255

31.0

0.56 (0.42; 0.74)

0.00

61

44.3

0.90 (0.47; 1.74)

0.75

0.60 (0.31; 1.17)

0.13

T2

264

34.5

0.70 (0.53; 0.93)

0.01

63

28.6

0.42 (0.21; 0.85)

0.02

1.59 (0.79; 3.17)

0.19

Daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (%yes)

T0

270

55.9

  

51

52.9

    

T1

249

43.8

0.67 (0.49; 0.89)

0.01

62

59.7

1.54 (0.77; 3.10)

0.22

0.45 (0.22; 0.92)

0.03

T2

265

37.4

0.53 (0.39; 0.71)

0.00

63

42.9

0.80 (0.40; 1.60)

0.53

0.68 (0.33; 1.40)

0.30

Daily consumption of water (%yes)

T0

273

67.4

  

52

61.5

    

T1

251

70.5

1.22 (0.90; 1.66)

0.20

62

72.6

2.00 (1.04; 3.85)

0.04

0.62 (0.30; 1.27)

0.19

T2

267

71.2

1.28 (0.95; 1.74)

0.11

62

71.0

1.85 (0.96; 3.59)

0.07

0.72 (0.35; 1.47)

0.36

  1. Note. Model 1: predictor variable is time (reference group = baseline measurement) / Model 2: predictor variable is time*condition (reference group = control group*baseline measurement). Analyses were conducted using GEE analysis with adjustment for clustering of data within persons. I Intervention group, C control group, N number of participants, T0 baseline measurement, T1 measurement at year one, T2 measurement at year two, Obs % observed percentage, OR Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval, p = p value
  2. Bold numbers are significant at p < .05.
  3. aObserved percentage of children adhering to the recommendation (for fruit and vegetables) or daily consuming the food/drink (i.e., snacks, sugar-sweetened beverages, and water)
  4. bOdds ratio of GEE model adjusted for child age, gender, ethnicity, BMI z-score at baseline, and residential socioeconomic status score at baseline