Table 1 Characteristics of included systematic reviews

Appleton et al. [49]

To systematically review the literature to identify all published interventions aiming to increase vegetable consumption

Vegetable intake

Any

Any

PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline & gray literature; up to Apr. 28, 2015

European Union’s Research and Innovation 7th Framework

Beets et al. [50]

To provide a systematic review of published research examining after-school programs targeting youth physical activity

Afterschool programs and physical activity

RCT or quasi-experimental

Children <18y

PubMed, ScienceDirect & EBSCOhost; 1980 to Feb. 2008

Not reported

Berezowitz et al. [27]

To collate findings on school garden interventions that include measures of academic performance and fruit and vegetable consumption

School gardens and academic performance

Any garden intervention lasting at least one month

K-12th graders in western cultures

CABI, Web of Knowledge, Web of Science, PubMed, Education Full Text, ERIC, and PsycINFO, up to May 2013

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention’s Community Transformation Grant

Berti et al. [51]

To critically review the literature concerning effectiveness of agriculture interventions in improving household nutrition status

Agriculture interventions and nutrition

Any agriculture intervention

No restrictions

Medline, Current Contents, Biosis Previews, PASCAL, AGRIS, and gray literature, 1985 to Nov. 2001

Canadian International Development Agency

Bhutta et al. [52]

To estimate the effects of undernutrition on childhood death and disability outcomes

Dietary diversification via agricultural production

Any agricultural intervention

Children and households in developing countries

PubMed, Current Contents, Helen Keller International, Medline, Biosis Previews, AGRIS, PASCAL & gray literature; 1995 to Nov. 2001

World Bank; International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh

Bird et al. [53]

To identify and evaluate the strength of evidence from interventions that assessed the impact of agricultural interventions on nutritional outcomes

Nutrition-sensitive agriculture

Quasi-experimental, RCT

Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, Nepal, or Bangladesh

Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, CAB Abstracts, AGRIS, and gray literature; Jan. 2012 to Nov. 2017

Leveraging Agriculture for Nutrition in South Asia Research Consortium

Davis et al. [54]

To review school garden-based programs targeting dietary intake and related behaviors in children; to identify strategies and components employed by garden-based programs

School gardens and health outcomes

Any pre/post school garden intervention

Children of school age

Medline and Embase, and gray literature

No funding

Hendrie et al. [55]

To identify intervention characteristics and behavior change techniques associated with increasing children’s vegetable consumption

Vegetable intake

Any intervention evaluating effectiveness

Children 2-12y

PubMed, PsycINFO and CAB abstracts; 2004 to June 2014

Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited, CSIRO

Hodder et al. [48]

To assess the effectiveness, cost effectiveness and adverse events of interventions designed to increase the consumption of fruit or vegetables or both among children <5 years

Fruit and vegetable consumption

RCTs, cluster-RCTs, and cross-over trials

Children <5y

CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest, WHO Clinical Trials Registry, Clinicaltrials.gov, Google Scholar; up to Aug. 25, 2019

Not reported

Langellotto et al. [56]

To examine the efficacy of garden programs for increasing children’s nutrition knowledge, fruit and vegetable preference, and fruit and vegetable consumption

Garden-based programs and child nutrition

Any nutrition education program

K-8th graders in the US

Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Knowledge and American Society of Horticultural Science archives, and gray literature

Not reported

Masset et al. [57]

To inform policymakers on the effectiveness of interventions and suggest which designs, methods, and metrics should be used in future research

Agricultural interventions and nutritional status

Longitudinal project-controls and randomized field trials that aim to improve nutrition status

Children in low- or middle-income countries

Econlit, IBSS, PubMed, and Web of Science, AGRIS, & gray literature; 1990 to Sept. 2010

United Kingdom Department for International Development

Mikkelsen et al. [58]

To review published literature on healthy eating interventions in day care facilities and analyze effectiveness of different strategies in relation to their influence on children’s food choice

Healthy eating in preschools

Obesity prevention interventions, pre/post design or stronger

Children 3-6y

PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science & CINAHL; 1980 to 2014

Not reported

Nekitsing et al. [59]

To investigate effectiveness of interventions to increase young children’s vegetable intake through a comprehensive search that includes a variety of study designs and settings

Vegetable intake in young children

Any intervention aiming to increase child vegetable intake

Children 2–5y

Scopus, Medline, PsycINFO, CAB Abstracts, Embase, CINAHL, ERIC, CENTRAL, ProQuest, PubMed, & Web of Science, and gray literature; 2005 to Jan 2016

White Rose Social Sciences Economic and Social Research Council Collaborative Award

Ohly et al. [31]

To conduct a robust, mixed-methods systematic review of the health and well-being impacts of school gardening

Health and well-being impacts of school gardens

Any garden intervention in a school setting

Children <18y in OECD countries

MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, HMIC, SPP, AEI, BEI, ASSIA, BNI, ERIC, AMED, CINAHL, and gray literature; up to May 2015

European Centre for Environment and Human Health

Savoie-Roskos et al. [30]

To identify effectiveness of gardening interventions to improve fruit and vegetable intake among children

Garden-based interventions and fruit and vegetable intake

Any community, school, or after-school garden intervention

Children 2-15y in developed countries

PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus; 2005 to Oct. 2015

No funding

Sisson et al. [60]

To determine effectiveness of obesogenic behavioral interventions in childcare centers across social ecological levels and describe strategies utilized

Obesogenic behavior interventions in child care

Any intervention targeting obesity, physical activity, or screen time

Children 3-5y in child care centers

PubMed, PsycINFO, Ovid; up to Jan. 2016

No funding