Constructs (IRM reliability) | Items | Short form | |
---|---|---|---|
AUTONOMY PROMOTION FOOD PARENTING DOMAIN | |||
Child involvement 4 items (.87) | In the past MONTH, how often did you… (answer for yourself only) (Never, Rarely, Sometimes, Often, Always) | ||
1 | Have your child help prepare dinner meals | √ | |
2 | Have your child help you prepare vegetable dishes | √ | |
3 | Give your child a choice of vegetables to eat at dinner | √ | |
4 | Ask your child’s opinion about what to make for meals | √ | |
Autonomy support 14 items (.93)a | 5 | Serve healthy foods such as vegetables in a way your child likes to get your child to eat them | |
8 | Help your child try a NEW vegetable or food by telling him or her that you like it and that he or she might like it also | √ | |
9 | Say something nice to your child for tasting a NEW vegetable or food | ||
10 | Tell your child that colorful vegetables such as dark green, red, orange and purple vegetables are healthier than potatoes and corn | ||
11 | Read food labels with your child to help him or her choose healthier food or drinks | ||
12 | Explain that eating healthy food will give your child more energy | √ | |
13 | Help your child eat or taste a vegetable by explaining how good it is for his or her health | √ | |
14 | Tell your child that eating healthier food such as vegetables will help your child do better in school | ||
16 | Make your child think about whether he or she is full to teach your child to stop eating when full | ||
17 | Tell your child ideas on how he or she can make healthier food choices like eating more fruit or vegetables | √ | |
18 | Tell your child reasons for the rules you make about food and the need to eat vegetables | √ | |
20 | Tell your child that sweet or salty treats should only be eaten sometimes | ||
21 | Teach your child to eat food from all the food groups | ||
22 | Help your child set goals to eat more vegetables or other healthier food | ||
CONTROL FOOD PARENTING DOMAIN | |||
Restriction for weight 4 items (.79) | To promote a healthy weight for your child, in the past month did you… (Never, Rarely, Sometimes, Often, Always) | ||
1 | Keep your child away from specific sweet or salty treats (food or drinks) | √ | |
2 | Keep a record of how much your child eats | √ | |
3 | Not allow your child from taking second helpings at dinner | √ | |
5 | Talk to your child about losing weight? | √ | |
Coercive control 23 items (.96)a | In the past MONTH, how often did you… (Answer for yourself only) (Never, Rarely, Sometimes, Often, Always) | ||
6 | Give your child a sweet or salty treat to make your child feel better when your child is hurt | √ | |
7 | Offer a sweet or salty treat when your child is worried or stressed to make your child feel better | √ | |
8 | Offer a sweet or salty treat to calm your child down | √ | |
9 | Give your child a sweet or salty treat to keep your child busy when you talking to another person or doing chores | √ | |
10 | Give your child a sweet or salty treat to keep your child busy when he or she is bored, even if he or she is not hungry | ||
11 | Tell your child he or she will get dessert only if he or she tastes the vegetables you served | ||
12 | Promise your child dessert if he or she finishes their meal | ||
13 | Send your child to his or her room if they do not finish their meal | ||
14 | Reduce TV or videogame time if your child does not finish his or her meal | ||
15 | Reward your child with a sweet or salty treat for good behaviour | ||
16 | Take away dessert as punishment for bad behaviour | ||
17 | Offer your child a sweet or salty treat to make your child do something he or she does not want to do | √ | |
18 | Take away TV or videogame time if your child does not eat the vegetables you served | ||
19 | Send your child to his or her room if your child refuses to eat the vegetables you served | ||
20 | Tell your child they will be punished if he or she eats a sweet or salty food or drink without asking you | ||
25 | Make your child stay at the table until all the food on his or her plate is eaten | ||
26 | Make your child eat more even if he or she says “I am full” | ||
30 | Make sure your child eats all his or her vegetables first at dinner time | ||
32 | You force your child to eat some vegetables every day | ||
34 | Hide vegetables in the food you serve as a way to get your child to eat more vegetables | ||
35 | Make your child feel bad about what he or she eats in order to get your child to eat healthier | ||
36 | Not allow your child to have sweet or salty treat at parties | ||
37 | Make your child eat a lighter meal, If your child ate more than usual at the earlier meal | ||
STRUCTURE FOOD PARENTING DOMAIN | |||
Nondirective Support 8 items (.88)a | In the past MONTH, how often did you… (Answer for yourself only) (Never, Rarely, Sometimes, Often, Always) | ||
1 | Eat or drink a healthy snack just because your child was around | ||
3 | Eat healthy portions while in front of your child (for example-take a smaller portion) | ||
5 | Show how much you enjoy eating vegetables while eating with your child | ||
7 | Encourage your child to eat the food as it is served, without picking the vegetables out | √ | |
8 | Encourage your child to eat more at a meal if they don’t want to eat what is served but say they are not full | √ | |
9 | Try to get your child to take a few more bites of their vegetables, without forcing them | √ | |
10 | Encourage your child to eat more at dinner without pressuring him or her, if you feel your child has not eaten enough that day | √ | |
11 | Try to get your child to taste a new vegetable (but not eat all of it) even if your child thinks he or she may not like it | √ | |
Provide healthy eating opportunities 8 items (.87)a | 12 | Prepare your family’s meals mostly from scratch | |
14 | Serve vegetables your child likes with meals | √ | |
15 | Serve colourful vegetables (dark green, red, orange or purple vegetables) with meals | √ | |
22 | Serve a vegetable multiple times even if your child has not liked it in the past | ||
23 | Serve your child at least 2 different vegetables (excluding potatoes or fries) at dinner meals | √ | |
24 | Serve your child at least 5 different types of vegetables in a week? | √ | |
25 | Serve at least 5 different fruit or berries (fresh or frozen) to your child in a week | √ | |
26 | How much do you agree with this statement: I have consistently served a variety of vegetables to my child since he or she was 3 years old. (Strongly agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Strongly disagree) | ||
Rules and limits 9 items (.88)a | 28 | You usually know how many sweet or salty treats your child eats or drinks at home | √ |
29 | You limit how often your child eats/drinks sweet or salty treats (i.e. chips, desserts, sugary drinks) | √ | |
31 | You do not let your child drink soda or sugary drinks (e.g., sports drinks or fruit drinks) | ||
33 | You limit the portion size of sweet or salty treats your child eats | √ | |
34 | You expect your child to eat the foods that you serve or not eat at all | ||
35 | If your child eats a sweet or salty treat, you expect the next snack to be healthy (e.g. to be a fruit) | √ | |
36 | You expect your child to drink mostly water or milk with meals | ||
37 | You ask those who help take care of your child to limit the amount of sweet or salty treats they give to your child | ||
39 | You expect your child to ask for permission before he or she eats a sweet or salty treat or a sugary drink | √ | |
Redirection 2 items (.67) | 41 | Encourage your child to only take a small portion, when your child asks for a less healthy treat | √ |
44 | Talk about food or drink options with your child and come to an agreement you are both happy with | √ | |
Meal routines 4 items (.78) | 47 | Make your child eat dinner meals at the table | √ |
50 | Eat dinner together as a family (whole family) | √ | |
52 | NOT allow your child to play, talk or text on the phone while eating dinner | √ | |
53 | NOT allow your child to watch TV while eating dinner | √ | |
Covert control 4 items (.81) | 58 | Keep sweet and salty treats out of your child’s reach | √ |
59 | Hide soda and sugary drinks in places where your child could not find them | √ | |
61 | Throw away left over sweet or salty treats to discourage your child from eating them | √ | |
62 | Not bring soda or sweet drinks into your home | √ | |
Accommodating the child 5 items (.82) | 63 | Eat out at restaurants or get take-out food for meals with your child | √ |
65 | Give in and let your child have dessert, after you told him or her “no” | √ | |
67 | Allow your child to skip meals (e.g., breakfast or lunch) | √ | |
69 | Make only the foods your child asks for meals | √ | |
70 | Buy your child a sweet or salty treat as a way to fill him or her up when you are on the go | √ |