Table 5 Outcomes/effectiveness of interventions

INFANT: Campbell 2008 (2008), Australia [3, 57]

No significant change

N/A

↓ non-core drink at 9 months ↓sweet and snack at 20 months

N/A

N/A

N/A

↓TV viewing time at 20 months

N/A

N/A

Carlsen 2013 (2010), Denmark [29]

No significant change

↑ exclusive and partial breastfeeding rates at 6 months

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

PRIMROSE: Doring 2014 (2014), Sweden [30, 58]

No significant change

N/A

↑vegetables, fruits and fish; ↓sugary drinks, french fries at 4 years of age

N/A

No significant change

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Franco-Antonio 2018 (2018), Spain [31]

N/A

↑Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF) duration and any BF at 6 months

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

No change

N/A

MumBubConnect: Gallegos 2014 (2010), Australia [32]

N/A

↑in EBF rates

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Gibby 2019 (2019), Hawai’I and Puerto Rico [33]

No significant change

No significant change

No significant change

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Steps to Growing Up Healthy: Gorin 2014 (2014), USA [34, 59]

↓BMI percentile

N/A

↓ juice consumption, whole milk consumption at end of the intervention

N/A

No significant change

N/A

No significant change

No change

N/A

Healthy Habits, Happy Homes: Haines 2013 (2011), USA [35]

↓ BMI

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

↑sleep duration

↓TV viewing on weekend days

N/A

N/A

Hannan 2012 (2012), USA [36]

Healthier weight gain

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Harris-Luna 2018 (2018), USA [37]

N/A

↑EBF

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

M528: Hmone 2017 (2015), Myanmar [38]

N/A

↑ EBF rate at 6 months

↓ bottle feeding, early introduction of complementary food

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Healthy Babies: Horodynski 2011 (2011), USA [39]

N/A

Not published

Not published

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Jiang 2014 (2014), China [40]

No significant change

↑ EBF rate at 6 months

No significant change

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

The Baby Milk Trial: Lakshman 2015 (2011), UK [41]

↓ weight gain at 6 months and at 12 months

N/A

No significant change

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Growing Healthy: Laws 2018 (2015), Australia [42]

No significant change

No significant change

No significant change

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Smart Moms: Nezami 2018 (2014), USA [43]

No significant change

N/A

↓SSB/juice

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

↓mother’s weight

N/A

Patel 2018 (2010), India [44]

N/A

No significant change

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

WIC: Pugh 2010 (2003), USA [45]

N/A

↑any BF at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Tahir 2013 (2010), Malaysia [46]

N/A

↑EBF at 1 month, 4 months

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Baby’s first bites: van der Veek 2019 (2019), Netherlands [47]

Outcomes not published

N/A

Outcomes not published

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Mothers & Others: Wasser 2017 (2013), USA [48]

Outcomes not published

N/A

Outcomes not published

N/A

N/A

N/A

Outcomes not published

N/A

N/A

Healthy Beginnings: Wen 2007 (2007), Australia [2, 60,61,62]

↓BMI

↑BF at 6 and 12 months

↓Introdution to solids prior to 6 months

↓ age at which infants started tummy time and ↑daily practice of tummy time

No significant change

↑ mean nocturnal sleep duration

No significant change

N/A

N/A

CHAT: Wen 2017 (2017), Australia [1]

Outcomes not published

No significant change

↑higher odds of appropriate timing of introducing solids (telephone support): ↓bottle at bedtime (telephone and SMS support)

↑early start of tummy time (Telephone support)

Outcomes not published

Outcomes not published

No screen time (Telephone and SMS support)

Outcomes not published

Outcomes not published

Linked trial for HB: Wen 2019 (2019), Australia [19]

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing