Table 1 Perceived individual, organisational and system level factors related to engagement, uptake and support for D&I research in academia

 D&I science is important to reduce research to practice gap

 I have the skills necessary to conduct D&I research

 I prioritize conducting/supporting D&I research (e.g. through supervision, provision of funding)

 I have the knowledge required to conduct D&I research

 I feel confident I could conduct D&I research

 I have experience supporting others to engage in D&I research (e.g. through supervision, provision of funding)

 I have experience conducting/being involved in (e.g. as a collaborator) D&I research

 More often than not, I engage/collaborate with stakeholders and involve them in the design and conduct of my research

 My research has real-world relevance

 My research has real-world impact

 I would like my research to have greater real-world impact

 D&I science has the potential to improve the real-world impact of my research

 D&I science is not immediately relevant/applicable to my area of research

 My supervisors/colleagues think it is important to conduct D&I research

 My organisation supports me to conduct/engage in (e.g. as a collaborator) D&I research

 Funding agencies in my country more likely to fund D&I research

 Journals in field are less likely to publish D&I research