Infants’ and toddlers’ physical activity and sedentary time as measured by accelerometry: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Brianne A. Bruijns; Stephanie Truelove; Andrew M. Johnson; Jason Gilliland; Patricia Tucker

doi:10.1186/s12966-020-0912-4

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 2 Summary Table for Included Studies - Toddlers (12–35.9mo; n = 20)

From: Infants’ and toddlers’ physical activity and sedentary time as measured by accelerometry: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors (Year)	Study Design	Sample Size, Mean Age (mo; SD), Range	Average Wear-Time min/day (SD), Non-Wear Criteria	Monitoring Time	Accelerometer Type, Placement, Epoch Length	Cut-Points	Physical Activity min/day (SD)	Sedentary Time min/day (SD)	Study Quality
Australia (n = 4)
Hnatiuk et al. (2012) [23]	Cluster RCT	N = 295	586.4 (65.1), ≥20 min of consecutive zeros	Waking hours, 7 days	ActiGraph GT1M, Waist, 15-s	Trost et al.	TPA^Φ = 232.4 (34.1)	NR	10
		Age = 19.1 (2.3), NR					TPA^Φ = 232.4 (34.1)
							LPA = 184.5 (30.7)
							MVPA = 47.9 (16.2)
Hnatiuk et al. (2017) [47]	Cross-sectional	N = 136	658.6 (94.8), ≥20 min of consecutive zeros	Waking hours, 7 days	ActiGraph GT3X, Waist, 15-s	Trost et al.	TPA = 303.8 (53.9)	NR	8
		Age = 32.4 (10.2), 12–36					TPA = 303.8 (53.9)
							LPA = 228.4 (34.8)
							MVPA = 75.4 (27.3)
Oftedal et al. (2015) [48]	Cohort	N = 20	571 (72), Consecutive zeros matching accelerometer logged ‘device removal’	Waking hours, 3 days	ActiGraph GT3X, Waist, 5-s	Oftedal et al.	NR	279.8 (28.6) ^Φ	9
Oftedal et al. (2015) [48]	Cohort	Age = 26.4 (6.0), 18–36		Waking hours, 3 days	ActiGraph GT3X, Waist, 5-s	Oftedal et al.	NR	279.8 (28.6) ^Φ	9
Santos et al. (2017) [24]	RCT	N = 202	1297.4 (93), Accelerometer logged ‘device removal’ (only full 24 h days included in analyses)	24 h, 7 days	ActiGraph GT3X+, Waist, 15-s	Trost et al.	TPA = 295.0 (59.0)	262.8 (60.2)	10
		Age = 19.7 (4.1), 12–28					TPA = 295.0 (59.0)
							LPA = 237.7 (44.2)
							MVPA = 57.3 (21.4)
Canada (n = 4)
Bisson et al. (2018) [44]	Cohort	N = 255	527.1 (174.0), ≥20 min of consecutive zeros	Waking hours, 7 days	ActiGraph GT3X, Waist, 15-s	Trost et al.	TPA = 223.3 (80.4)	NR	10
Bisson et al. (2018) [44]	Cohort	Age = 25.2 (2.4), NR	527.1 (174.0), ≥20 min of consecutive zeros	Waking hours, 7 days	ActiGraph GT3X, Waist, 15-s	Trost et al.	TPA = 223.3 (80.4)	NR	10
Borkhoff et al. (2015) [45]	Cross-sectional	N = 27	582 (48), ≥60 min of consecutive zeros	12 h, 7 days	Actical, Waist, 2-s	Adolph et al.	TPA = 193.8 (63.7)	385.9 (52.4)	10
		Age = 19.1 (5.3), 12–30				Adolph et al.	TPA = 193.8 (63.7)
						Wong et al.	LPA = 185.1 (57)
						Wong et al.	MVPA = 8.7 (12)
Lee et al. (2017) [29]	Cross-sectional	N = 151	618 (84), ≥20 min of consecutive zeros	Waking hours, 7 days	ActiGraph wGT3X-BT, Waist, 15-s	Trost et al.	TPA = 298.9 (40.9)	316.7 (40.6)	9
		Age = 19 (1.9), 12–23				Pate et al.	TPA = 298.9 (40.9)
							LPA = 240.2 (29.3)
							MVPA = 58.7 (18.7)
Vanderloo et al. (2015) [46]	Cross-sectional	N = 40	606.8 (38.8), ≥60 min of consecutive zeros	Waking hours, 7 days	Actical, Waist, 15-s	Trost et al.	TPA^Φ = 107.2 (33.3)	499.43 (33.3) ^Φ	10
		Age = 25.7 (5.9), 18–29					TPA^Φ = 107.2 (33.3)
							LPA^Φ = 99.0 (29.3)
							MVPA^Φ = 8.29 (7.3)
China (n = 1)
Johansson et al. (2016) [28]	Cross-sectional	N = 79	NR - min 15 h to be valid, NR	15 h, 7 days	ActiGraph GT3X, Wrist, 5-s	Johansson et al.	TPA^Φ = 235 (83.2)	545.0 (99.0)	10
		Age = 24.5 (1.6), NR					TPA^Φ = 235 (83.2)
							LPA = 195.0 (79.0)
							MVPA = 40.0 (26.0)
Malawi (n = 1)
Pulakka et al. (2017) [50]	RCT	N = 380	810, ≥20 min of consecutive zeros	15 h, 5 days	ActiGraph GT3X+, Waist, 15-s	Trost et al.	MVPA^Φ = 89.9 (28.4)	432.5 (66.4) ^Φ	10
Pulakka et al. (2017) [50]	RCT	Age = 18.1 (0.6), NR	810, ≥20 min of consecutive zeros	15 h, 5 days	ActiGraph GT3X+, Waist, 15-s	Trost et al.	MVPA^Φ = 89.9 (28.4)	432.5 (66.4) ^Φ	10
Netherlands (n = 1)
Wijtzes et al. (2013) [27]	Cohort	N = 347	488, ≥10 min of consecutive zeros	24 h, 1 weekday, 1 weekend day	ActiGraph Am-7164, Waist, 15-s	Sirard et al.	TPA^Φ = 72.9 (28.3)	415.1 (28.3) ^Φ	9
		Age = 25.1 (1.1), NR					TPA^Φ = 72.9 (28.3)
							LPA^Φ = 48.5 (16.1)
							MVPA^Φ = 24.4 (14.6)
New Zealand (n = 1)
Taylor et al. (2018) [25]	RCT	N = 568	NR - min 20 h to be valid, ≥20 min of consecutive zeros	24 h, 7 days	Actical, Waist, 15-s	Pfeiffer et al.	TPA^Φ = 228.0 (61.4)	519.8 (62.0) ^δ	9
		Age^δ = 16.7 (0.3), 12–35.9				Pfeiffer et al.	TPA^Φ = 228.0 (61.4)
						Adolph et al.	LPA^δ = 221.5 (61.0)
						Trost et al.	MVPA^δ = 6.5 (7.1)
Sweden (n = 1)
Johansson et al. (2016) [28]	Cross-sectional	N = 146	NR - min 15 h to be valid, NR	15 h, 7 days	ActiGraph GT3X, Wrist, 5-s	Johansson et al.	TPA^Φ = 334.0 (40.2)	445.0 (68.0)	10
		Age = 24.4 (1.2), NR					TPA^Φ = 334.0 (40.2)
							LPA = 261.0 (49.0)
							MVPA = 73.0 (29.0)
Switzerland (n = 1)
Herzig et al. (2017) [33]	Cross-sectional	N = 19	NR - min 10 h to be valid, ≥20 min of consecutive zeros	14 h, 8 days	ActiGraph wGT3X, Waist, 30-s	Butte et al.	MVPA = 54.8 (NR)	NR	8
Herzig et al. (2017) [33]	Cross-sectional	Age = 33.6 (NR), 31.2–34.8	NR - min 10 h to be valid, ≥20 min of consecutive zeros	14 h, 8 days	ActiGraph wGT3X, Waist, 30-s	Butte et al.	MVPA = 54.8 (NR)	NR	8
United States (n = 6)
Armstrong et al. (2018) [36]	Cross-sectional	N = 195	NR - min 24 h to be valid, NR	24 h, 7 days	Actical, Ankle, 60-s	Hager et al.	NR	172.7 (39.6)	10
Armstrong et al. (2018) [36]	Cross-sectional	Age = 20.3 (5.6), 12–32	NR - min 24 h to be valid, NR	24 h, 7 days	Actical, Ankle, 60-s	Hager et al.	NR	172.7 (39.6)	10
Dlugonski et al. (2017) [37]	Cross-sectional	N = 7	672.4 (74), Accelerometer logged ‘device removal’	Waking hours, 7 days	ActiGraph GT3X, Waist, 60-s	Trost et al.	TPA^Φ = 294.2 (64.9)	NR	9
		Age = NR, 12.0–35.9					TPA^Φ = 294.2 (64.9)
							LPA = 257.4 (61.3)
							MVPA = 36.8 (21.3)
Hager et al. (2016) [38]	Cross-sectional	N = 191	NR - min 24 h to be valid, NR	24 h, 7 days	Actical, Ankle, 60-s	Hager et al.	TPA^Φ = 636.5 (96.4)	NR	9
		Age = 20.1 (NR), 12–32					TPA^Φ = 636.5 (96.4)
							LPA = 582.4 (87.5)
							MVPA = 54.1 (40.4)
Hauck & Kim (2019) [41]	Cross-sectional	N = 35	503.8 (146.4)^δ, ≥20 min of consecutive zeros	At least 3 h, at least 3 days (avg. 6.0 monitoring days ^δ)	ActiGraph GT3X	Trost et al.	NR	348.0 (95.3) ^δ	10
Hauck & Kim (2019) [41]	Cross-sectional	Age = NR, 18-24	503.8 (146.4)^δ, ≥20 min of consecutive zeros	At least 3 h, at least 3 days (avg. 6.0 monitoring days ^δ)	Waist, 15-s	Trost et al.	NR	348.0 (95.3) ^δ	10
Kwon et al. (2019) [42]	Cross-sectional	N = 19	499.0^a (NR), Accelerometer logged ‘device removal’ and ≥ 20 min of consecutive zeros	Waking hours, at least 4 days (1 weekend day)	ActiGraph GT3X	Trost et al.	TPA^Φ = 208.0 (30.0)	NR	10
		Age = NR, 12-35			Waist, 15-s		TPA^Φ = 208.0 (30.0)
							LPA = 161.0 (26.0)
							MVPA = 47.0 (15.0)
McCullough et al. (2018) [43]	Cross-sectional	N = 65	606 (78), ≥20 min of consecutive zeros	Waking hours, 7 days	ActiGraph, Waist, 15-s	Trost et al.	TPA = 293.7 (60.1)	312.6 (61.3)	10
		Age = 29 (4), 24–35					TPA = 293.7 (60.1)
							LPA^Φ = 232.4 (53.4)
							MVPA = 61.3 (27.6)
Other - Europe (Multi-Country: Italy, Estonia, Belgium, Sweden, Germany, Hungary, Spain; n = 1)
Konstabel et al. (2014) [26]	Cohort	N = 131	740 (100), ≥20 min of consecutive zeros	Waking hours, at least 3 days (1 weekend day)	ActiGraph (GT1M, ActiTrainer), Waist, 15-s and 60-s	Evenson et al.	TPA^δ = 435.8 (60.3)	239.2 (68.8) ^δ	9
		Age = NR, 24–35.9					TPA^δ = 435.8 (60.3)
							LPA^δ = 411. 8 (58.9)
							MVPA^δ = 24.0 (13.1)

RCT randomized control trial, mo months, TPA total physical activity, LPA light physical activity, MVPA moderate-to vigorous-intensity physical activity, NR not reported; ^ΦCalculation made to produce value; ^δWeighted mean produced; ^aMedian wear time

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