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Table 1 Baseline characteristics and GPS outcomes for those with GPS data at baseline and follow-up

From: The effect of moving to East Village, the former London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Athletes' Village, on mode of travel (ENABLE London study, a natural experiment)

N

All housing groups

p-value

Social housing group

Intermediate housing group

Market rent housing group

Control

285

East Village

293

Control

74

East Village

127

Control

141

East Village

142

Control

70

East Village

24

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Age

  

0.005

      

 16–24

44 (15%)

68 (23%)

 

7 (9%)

26 (20%)

20 (14%)

29 (20%)

17 (24%)

13 (54%)

 25–34

116 (41%)

133 (45%)

 

18 (24%)

34 (27%)

65 (46%)

93 (65%)

33 (47%)

6 (25%)

 35–49

100 (35%)

80 (27%)

 

44 (59%)

57 (45%)

46 (33%)

19 (13%)

10 (14%)

4 (17%)

 50+

25 (9%)

12 (4%)

 

5 (7%)

10 (8%)

10 (7%)

1 (1%)

10 (14%)

1 (4%)

Sex: female

173 (61%)

159 (54%)

0.12

58 (78%)

91 (72%)

82 (58%)

57 (40%)

33 (47%)

11 (46%)

Ethnic group

  

0.001

      

 White

152 (53%)

161 (55%)

 

17 (23%)

24 (19%)

87 (62%)

117 (82%)

48 (69%)

20 (83%)

 Black

48 (17%)

78 (27%)

 

22 (30%)

75 (59%)

21 (15%)

3 (2%)

5 (7%)

0 (0%)

 Asian

57 (20%)

30 (10%)

 

29 (39%)

13 (10%)

23 (16%)

15 (11%)

5 (7%)

2 (8%)

 Other

28 (10%)

24 (8%)

 

6 (8%)

15 (12%)

10 (7%)

7 (5%)

12 (17%)

2 (8%)

NS-SEC a

  

0.03

      

 Higher managerial/professional

163 (57%)

130 (45%)

 

17 (23%)

16 (13%)

97 (69%)

99 (70%)

163 (70%)

15 (63%)

 Intermediate occupations

43 (15%)

56 (19%)

 

12 (16%)

21 (17%)

18 (13%)

29 (21%)

13 (19%)

6 (25%)

 Routine/manual occupations

29 (10%)

33 (11%)

 

16 (22%)

24 (19%)

11 (8%)

9 (6%)

2 (3%)

0 (0%)

 Economically inactive

50 (18%)

71 (24%)

 

29 (39%)

64 (51%)

15 (11%)

4 (3%)

6 (9%)

3 (13%)

Car or van in household

111 (46%)

104 (46%)

0.96

31 (53%)

47 (51%)

55 (46%)

49 (43%)

25 (41%)

8 (40%)

Currently working or studying

245 (86%)

240 (82%)

0.18

51 (69%)

80 (63%)

128 (91%)

138 (97%)

66 (94%)

22 (92%)

Mode of travel to or from work / study (not mutually exclusive)

 Public transport

156 (67%)

182 (79%)

0.004

31 (66%)

56 (74%)

83 (67%)

110 (82%)

42 (67%)

16 (76%)

 Private car/motorbike/taxi

35 (15%)

28 (12%)

0.36

10 (21%)

16 (21%)

19 (15%)

10 (7%)

6 (10%)

2 (10%)

 Walk/cycle

141 (61%)

128 (55%)

0.27

19 (40%)

40 (53%)

82 (67%)

77 (57%)

40 (63%)

11 (52%)

GPS motion category (minutes)

mean (sd)

mean (sd)

p-value

mean (sd)

mean (sd)

mean (sd)

mean (sd)

mean (sd)

mean (sd)

 Walking

39.7 (25.9)

37.7 (24.5)

0.35

30.6 (21.4)

31.3 (25.0)

40.9 (24.3)

43.3 (22.2)

46.7 (30.5)

38.2 (27.6)

 Cycling

6.1 (13.2)

3.5 (6.7)

0.003

2.3 (2.7)

2.5 (4.1)

7.0 (13.6)

4.7 (8.6)

8.2 (17.5)

2.1 (3.6)

 Walking + cycling

45.8 (30.0)

41.3 (26.4)

0.06

32.9 (22.0)

33.8 (25.8)

48.0 (28.4)

48.1 (24.9)

54.9 (35.8)

40.2 (28.1)

 Motorised vehicle

37.3 (37.7)

38.0 (38.9)

0.84

42.6 (47.0)

48.8 (47.5)

36.5 (31.5)

29.4 (27.9)

33.5 (38.0)

31.6 (30.5)

 Overground train

14.6 (21.3)

14.5 (18.9)

0.98

8.3 (12.2)

8.5 (13.7)

16.5 (22.6)

20.4 (22.0)

17.4 (24.8)

11.6 (11.7)

 Underground train b

14.3 (17.5)

15.1 (17.5)

0.55

11.6 (20.2)

8.0 (14.8)

14.9 (16.7)

20.9 (18.0)

15.8 (15.6)

18.9 (15.0)

 Stationary, incl inside & outside

440 (193)

449 (188)

0.58

507 (192)

496 (184)

421 (190)

418 (179)

407 (184)

380 (207)

 Total GPS time

552 (207)

558 (195)

0.73

602 (201)

596 (190)

537 (206)

537 (188)

529 (210)

482 (225)

  1. aEconomically inactive includes those not part of the labour force who are unemployed or not available for work, including students and house carers
  2. bUnderground minutes are assumed from portions of missing GPS signal where the GPS signal is lost within 200 m of an underground station and regained within 200 m of a different underground station