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Table 2 Change in measures of the objective built environment and neighbourhood perceptions from baseline to follow-up

From: The effect of moving to East Village, the former London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Athletes' Village, on mode of travel (ENABLE London study, a natural experiment)

 

All housing groups

Social

Intermediate

Market-rent

mean

(95% CI)

p-value

mean

(95% CI)

p-value

mean

(95% CI)

p-value

mean

(95% CI)

p-value

Objective built environment characteristics

 Control group

N = 256

N = 73

N = 127

N = 56

  Distance to closest park (m) a

28

(−23, 78)

0.28

27

(−44, 97)

0.45

31

(−39, 101)

0.39

21

(− 123, 166)

0.77

  Access to public transport (PTAL) b

−0.1

(−0.3, 0.1)

0.35

− 0.2

(− 0.5, 0.1)

0.20

− 0.1

(− 0.4, 0.3)

0.63

0.0

(− 0.5, 0.4)

0.94

  Walkability c

0.3

(0.0, 0.6)

0.09

−0.2

(− 0.7, 0.3)

0.38

0.5

(0.0, 1.0)

0.04

0.3

(−0.2, 0.9)

0.25

  Land use mix d

0.02

(0.00, 0.04)

0.08

−0.02

(− 0.05, 0.01)

0.22

0.04

(0.01, 0.08)

0.03

0.02

(−0.02, 0.06)

0.25

  Residential density e

1.8

(1.0, 2.7)

< 0.001

1.2

(0.2, 2.3)

0.016

2.1

(0.7, 3.5)

0.003

2.0

(0.2, 3.8)

0.03

  Street connectivity f

−0.1

(−0.2, 0.1)

0.38

−0.2

(−0.4, 0.0)

0.13

0.0

(−0.2, 0.2)

0.93

−0.1

(−0.4, 0.2)

0.63

 East Village group

N = 277

N = 124

N = 130

N = 23

  Distance to closest park (m) a

−547

(− 597, − 498)

< 0.001

− 463

(− 529, − 397)

< 0.001

− 602

(− 673, − 530)

< 0.001

− 693

(− 952, − 435)

< 0.001

  Access to public transport (PTAL) b

1.2

(0.9, 1.5)

< 0.001

2.0

(1.5, 2.5)

< 0.001

0.7

(0.2, 1.1)

0.007

0.3

(−0.9, 1.5)

0.61

  Walkability c

2.4

(2.1, 2.7)

< 0.001

2.7

(2.3, 3.1)

< 0.001

2.0

(1.5, 2.5)

< 0.001

2.4

(0.4, 4.3)

0.02

  Land use mix d

0.38

(0.36, 0.41)

< 0.001

0.40

(0.37, 0.43)

< 0.001

0.37

(0.34, 0.41)

< 0.001

0.35

(0.23, 0.47)

< 0.001

  Residential density e

14.4

(12.8, 16.0)

< 0.001

14.7

(12.3, 17.0)

< 0.001

13.3

(11.0, 15.6)

< 0.001

19.1

(12.4, 25.9)

< 0.001

  Street connectivity f

−1.1

(−1.2, −0.9)

< 0.001

−0.9

(−1.1, −0.7)

< 0.001

−1.2

(−1.4, −1.0)

< 0.001

−1.2

(−2.0, − 0.4)

0.006

Neighbourhood perceptions g

 Control group

N = 285

N = 74

N = 141

N = 70

  Crime score

0.6

(0.1, 1.0)

0.02

1.3

(0.4, 2.2)

0.005

0.0

(−0.7, 0.7)

1.00

1.0

(0.0, 1.9)

0.04

  Quality score

0.7

(0.2, 1.2)

0.01

1.5

(0.6, 2.4)

0.001

0.1

(−0.6, 0.9)

0.73

0.9

(0.0, 1.9)

0.06

 East Village group

N = 293

N = 127

N = 142

N = 24

  Crime score

4.7

(4.1, 5.2)

< 0.001

6.1

(5.2, 7.1)

< 0.001

3.5

(2.8, 4.2)

< 0.001

3.8

(1.7, 5.9)

0.001

  Quality score

7.0

(6.4, 7.5)

< 0.001

7.9

(7.0, 8.7)

< 0.001

6.3

(5.5, 7.1)

< 0.001

6.5

(5.1, 7.9)

< 0.001

  1. aDistance to closest park from choice of local, district and metropolitan parks
  2. bPTAL is a Transport for London (TfL) score assessing the availability of public transport options. A positive change indicates improved public transport links
  3. cWalkability: The sum of three z-transformed variables, land use mix, residential density and street connectivity. A positive change indicates improved walkability
  4. dLand use mix: The heterogeneity with which five functionally different land uses (residential, commercial, office, entertainment and institutional) are co-located in space. Values are normalised between 0 and 1 where 0 indicates single use and 1 indicates a perfectly even distribution of square footage across the different types of land use. A positive change indicates improved land use mix
  5. eResidential density: The number of residential units (RU) per km2 of land devoted to residential use, including residential building footprint and attached gardens, expressed in 1000 RU/km2
  6. fStreet connectivity: The number of intersections per km of road
  7. gNeighbourhood perception scores from exploratory factor analysis on 14 neighbourhood perception items in the questionnaire. A positive score indicates perception of less crime and higher quality in the neighbourhood
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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