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Table 2 Spline mixed models investigating the association between new child package dose and WHZ growth trajectories1

From: The new child food package is associated with reduced obesity risk among formula fed infants participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) in Los Angeles County, California, 2003–2016

 

Slope differences (SE)

Mean WHZ differences (SE)

Years of new child package received

Age (years)

Boys

Girls

Age (years)

Boys

Girls

< 1 year vs. 0 years

0 to 0.5

0.04 (0.10)

0.06 (0.10)

0

0.06 (0.03)

0.02 (0.03)

0.5 to 1

− 0.07 (0.09)

− 0.05 (0.09)

0.5

0.08 (0.03)*

0.05 (0.03)

1 to 1.5

−0.14 (0.08)

− 0.22 (0.08)**

1

0.04 (0.03)

0.03 (0.03)

1.5 to 2

0.23 (0.06)***

0.18 (0.06)**

1.5

−0.03 (0.03)

−0.08 (0.03)

to 3

−0.02 (0.02)

0.02 (0.02)

2

0.09 (0.03)***

0.00 (0.03)

3 to 4

−0.05 (0.02)*

− 0.03 (0.02)

3

0.06 (0.02)**

0.03 (0.02)

4 to 5

0.01 (0.04)

−0.05 (0.04)

4

0.02 (0.02)

0.00 (0.02)

   

5

0.03 (0.04)

−0.05 (0.03)

1 to <2 years vs 0 years

0 to 0.5

−0.01 (0.10)

− 0.05 (0.10)

0

0.09 (0.03)**

0.04 (0.04)

0.5 to 1

− 0.10 (0.09)

−0.05 (0.09)

0.5

0.09 (0.03)**

0.02 (0.03)

1 to 1.5

−0.03 (0.08)

− 0.02 (0.08)

1

0.04 (0.03)

−0.01 (0.03)

1.5 to 2

0.09 (0.06)

0.07 (0.06)

1.5

0.02 (0.03)

−0.02 (0.03)

2 to 3

−0.04 (0.02)

−0.03 (0.02)

2

0.07 (0.03)**

0.02 (0.03)

3 to 4

0.00 (0.02)

−0.02 (0.02)

3

0.03 (0.02)

−0.01 (0.02)

4 to 5

−0.02 (0.04)

−0.03 (0.04)

4

0.03 (0.02)

−0.03 (0.02)

   

5

0.00 (0.04)

−0.06 (0.03)

2 to < 3 years vs. 0 years

0 to 0.5

0.05 (0.10)

0.20 (0.10)

0

0.07 (0.03)*

−0.01 (0.03)

0.5 to 1

−0.11 (0.09)

− 0.14 (0.09)

0.5

0.09 (0.03)**

0.09 (0.03)

1 to 1.5

0.00 (0.08)

−0.12 (0.08)

1

0.04 (0.03)

0.02 (0.03)

1.5 to 2

−0.06 (0.06)

0.04 (0.06)

1.5

0.04 (0.03)

−0.04 (0.03)

2 to 3

−0.04 (0.02)

0.02 (0.02)

2

0.01 (0.03)

−0.02 (0.03)

3 to 4

0.00 (0.02)

−0.02 (0.02)

3

−0.04 (0.02)

0.00 (0.02)

4 to 5

0.01 (0.04)

−0.02 (0.04)

4

−0.04 (0.02)

−0.02 (0.02)

   

5

−0.02 (0.04)

−0.04 (0.03)

3 to < 4 years vs. 0 years

0 to 0.5

0.23 (0.09)*

0.17 (0.09)

0

0.02 (0.03)

0.03 (0.03)

0.5 to 1

−0.05 (0.08)

−0.08 (0.08)

0.5

0.13 (0.03)***

0.12 (0.03)

1 to 1.5

−0.24 (0.08)**

−0.25 (0.07)***

1

0.11 (0.03)***

0.08 (0.03)

1.5 to 2

0.21 (0.06)***

0.14 (0.06)*

1.5

−0.01 (0.03)

−0.05 (0.03)

2 to 3

−0.09 (0.02)***

0.00 (0.02)

2

0.09 (0.03)

0.02 (0.03)

3 to 4

−0.01 (0.02)

−0.01 (0.02)

3

0.01 (0.02)

0.02 (0.02)

4 to 5

−0.01 (0.04)

−0.04 (0.04)

4

0.00 (0.02)

0.01 (0.02)

   

5

−0.02 (0.03)

−0.03 (0.03)

4 years vs. 0 years

0 to 0.5

0.07 (0.08)

0.12 (0.08)

0

−0.05 (0.03)

−0.06 (0.03)*

0.5 to 1

−0.06 (0.07)

−0.16 (0.07)

0.5

−0.01 (0.02)

0.00 (0.02)

1 to 1.5

−0.08 (0.06)

−0.02 (0.06)

1

−0.04 (0.02)

− 0.08 (0.02)***

1.5 to 2

0.12 (0.05)*

0.10 (0.05)*

1.5

−0.08 (0.02)***

−0.09 (0.02)***

2 to 3

−0.05 (0.02)**

−0.02 (0.02)

2

−0.02 (0.02)

− 0.04 (0.02)*

3 to 4

−0.02 (0.02)

−0.02 (0.02)

3

−0.06 (0.02)***

− 0.06 (0.02)**

4 to 5

−0.01 (0.03)

0.01 (0.03)

4

−0.09 (0.02)***

−0.08 (0.02)***

   

5

−0.10 (0.03)***

−0.07 (0.03)*

  1. 1Gender-stratified piecewise linear spline mixed models based on a sample of fully formula fed children 0–4 years participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) in Los Angeles County, California, 2003–2016
  2. * < 0.05 ** < 0.01 *** < 0.001
  3. Abbreviations: SE standard error; WIC Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children; WHZ weight-for-height z-score