Table 5 Standardised factor loadings for items of the FPSQ-S according to CFA (4 factors, 21 items and for the extended version – 6 factors 34 items)

DEM2

My child eats at set times

.850

DEM3

I decide when it is time for my child to eat

.632

DEM4

I let my child decide when she/he would like to eat^a

.628

DEM5

My child has a set mealtime routine

.786

FC1

I give my child food to settle him/her even if he/she is not hungry

.698

FC2

I offer my child something to eat to make her/him feel better when she/he is unsettled or crying

.882

FC3

I offer my child something to eat to make her/him feel better when she/he is hurt

.863

FC4

When my child gets unsettled or is crying, one of the first things I do is give her/him food

.776

FC5

I give my child food to make sure that they do not get unsettled or cry

.716

FC6

I use food to distract my child or keep him/her busy

.641

PERS1

I encourage my child to eat all of the food in front of him/her

.795

PERS2

When my child turns away, I try to get her/him to eat a little bit more

.800

PERS4

If my child indicates she/he is not hungry I try to get her/him to eat anyway

.719

PERS7

I say or do something to show my disapproval of my child for not eating

.682

PERS8

I praise my child after each bit to encourage finishing the food

.682

PERS9

When my child refuses food they usually eat, I encourage her/him to eat it

.708

PERS10

I play games to make sure my child eats enough

.645

PARENT6

I carefully control how much my child eats

.800

PARENT 7

I have a rule about how much my child should eat

.851

PARENT 8

I let my child decide how much she/he eats^a

.756

PARENT 9

I decide how much my child eats

.767

FM3

My child eats together with other family members.

X

FM4

My child is given the same foods as the rest of the family (pureed, mashed, chopped).

X

FM5

Whether my child is eating or not, my child sits with the rest of the family when they are having a meal.

X

FM6

I eat my meals while my child eats.

X

REW1

I offer foods to my child as a reward for good behaviour.

X

REW2

I offer my child their favourite foods in exchange for good behaviour.

X

REW5

I promise my child something other than food if they eat (for example: “If you eat your beans, we can go to the park”).

X

REW6

When my child refuses food they usually eat, I encourage eating by offering a non-food reward (for example: favourite toy or sticker).

X

REW7

I encourage my child to eat something by using food as a reward (for example: “If you finish your vegetables, you will get some dessert”).

X

REW8

When my child refuses food they usually eat, I encourage eating by offering a food reward (for example: dessert).

X

REW9

I use desserts as an encouragement to get my child to eat the main course.

X

REW10

I make my child finish the main course before having a dessert.

X

REW11

I warn my child that I will take a favourite food away if my child does not eat a food they do not like (for example: “If you don’t finish your vegetables, you won’t get dessert”).

X