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Table 3 Effects of household/family characteristics and school characteristics on adolescent’s characteristics and the moderating effects of adolescent’s gender (Step 2 of mediation analysis)

From: Family, school and individual characteristics associated with adolescents’ physical activity at school in Hong Kong: the iHealt(H) study

Household / family characteristics

Effect

Attitude towards PA

 

Enjoyment of PA

Athletic ability

  

b (95% CI)

p

eb (95% CI)

p

b (95% CI)

p

Highest educational attainment in household (main effect)

Main - direct

−0.01 (− 0.03,0.01)

0.201

0.99 (0.98,1.00)

0.203

0.00 (−0.04,0.05)

0.888

No. of motor vehicles in household

Main - direct

−0.01 (− 0.05,0.02)

0.412

0.99 (0.96,1.01)

0.201

−0.01(− 0.09,0.08)

0.901

No. of children in household

Main - direct

In boys

In girls

0.01 (−0.02,0.04)

N/A

N/A

0.410

N/A

N/A

1.00 (0.98,1.02)

0.97 (0.94,1.01)

1.03 (1.00,1.06)

0.864

0.101

0.022

0.01 (−0.06,0.09)

N/A

N/A

0.739

N/A

N/A

Neighbourhood self-selection for PA

Main - direct

0.04 (0.01,0.07)

0.007

1.02 (1.00,1.04)

0.088

−0.03(− 0.10,0.05)

0.490

Neighbourhood socio-economic status

Main - direct

0.01 (−0.05,0.07)

0.685

1.02 (0.98,1.05)

0.337

−0.01(− 0.13,0.11)

0.875

Household income

Main - direct

0.01 (−0.00,0.02)

0.085

1.00 (0.99,1.01)

0.713

0.00 (−0.02,0.03)

0.752

Parental rules for PA

Main - direct

0.00 (−0.01,0.01)

0.956

1.00 (0.99,1.00)

0.421

−0.00(− 0.02,0.01)

0.396

Social support for PA from parents

Main - direct

0.06 (0.03,0.09)

< 0.001

1.04 (1.02,1.06)

< 0.001

0.18 (0.11,0.25)

< 0.001

 

In boys

0.03 (−0.01,0.07)

0.102

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

 

In girls

0.08 (0.05,0.11)

< 0.001

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

PA equipment at home/neighbourhood

Main - direct

0.00 (−0.01,0.01)

0.896

1.01 (1.00,1.02)

0.001

0.04 (0.01,0.06)

0.003

Parental leisure-time PA^

Main - direct

0.00 (−0.00,0.01)

0.115

1.00 (1.00,1.01)

0.293

0.02 (0.01,0.03)

0.002

Parental transportation PA^

Main - direct

−0.00 (− 0.01,0.00)

0.381

1.00 (0.99,1.0)

0.458

0.00 (−0.01,0.01)

0.878

School PA-friendly index

Main - total

0.03 (0.01,0.04)

< 0.001

1.02 (1.01,1.03)

< 0.001

0.06 (0.02,0.09)

0.003

Main - direct

0.03 (0.01,0.04)

< 0.001

1.02 (1.01,1.03)

< 0.001

0.05 (0.01,0.09)

0.005

In boys

0.01 (−0.01,0.03)

0.499

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

In girls

0.04 (0.02,0.06)

< 0.001

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Social support from peers

Main - direct

0.06 (0.04,0.08)

< 0.001

1.05 (1.03,1.06)

< 0.001

0.14 (0.08,0.20)

< 0.001

In boys

0.03 (0.00,0.06)

0.036

1.03 (1.01,1.05)

0.010

N/A

N/A

In girls

0.08 (0.05,0.11)

< 0.001

1.07 (1.05,1.09)

< 0.001

N/A

N/A

  1. PA = physical activity; b = regression coefficient; CI = confidence interval; eb = exponentiated regression coefficient; N/A denotes ‘no significant interaction’
  2. ^ minutes converted to hours (by dividing by 60); consisting of items measuring PA equipment at school and school PA-friendly policy supporting after-school PA. These regression models were adjusted for confounders listed in Table S2