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Table 4 Impact of the Nourish and Engage Interventions on any food intake of 6–7 year old pupils and school food intake in 10–11 year old pupils at Endpoint measured using FFQ

From: Food environment intervention improves food knowledge, wellbeing and dietary habits in primary school children: Project Daire, a randomised-controlled, factorial design cluster trial

All Food Intake in 6–7 year old pupils

Nourish

No Nourish

Engage

No Engage

School Food Intake in 10–11 year old pupils

Nourish

No Nourish

Engage

No Engage

Fruit n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

231

225 (97.4)

2.30 (0.92–5.74)

0.08

205

193 (94.2)

Reference-

242

233 (96.3)

1.10 (0.45–2.69)

0.84

194

185 (95.4)

Reference

-

Apples n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

196

171 (87.2)

1.27 (1.06–1.53)

0.008

195

166 (85.1)

Reference

-

212

177 (83.5)

0.58 (0.47–0.72)

0.000

179

160 (89.4)

Reference

-

Grapes n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

194

146 (75.3)

1.55 (0.80–3.02)

0.19

193

127 (65.8)

Reference

-

210

152 (72.4)

1.15 (0.56–2.38)

0.70

177

121 (68.4)

Reference

-

Bananas n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

190

128 (67.4)

1.15 (0.83–1.60)

0.40

194

124 (63.9)

Reference

-

210

140 (66.7)

1.09 (0.79–1.50)

0.61

174

112 (64.4)

Reference

-

Strawberries n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

194

134 (69.1)

1.64 (0.94–2.87)

0.08

192

108 (56.3)

Reference

-

210

145 (69.1)

1.73 (0.98–3.04)

0.06

176

97 (55.1)

Reference

-

Vegetables n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

228

196 (86.0)

2.42 (1.63–3.59)

0.000

203

145 (71.4)

Reference

-

239

193 (80.8)

1.07 (0.72–1.58)

0.75

`192

148 (77.1)

Reference

-

Vegetables n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

183

149 (81.4)

1.19 (0.69–2.04)

0.53

190

150 (79.0)

Reference

-

204

162 (79.4)

0.88 (0.50–1.56)

0.66

169

137 (81.1)

Reference

-

Mushrooms n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

192

24 (12.5)

2.29 (1.35–3.91)

0.002

194

11 (5.7)

Reference

-

209

22 (10.5)

1.35 (0.78–2.33)

0.29

177

13 (7.3)

Reference

-

White or wholemeal bread

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

232

215 (92.7)

0.65 (0.28–1.48)

0.30

203

193 (95.1)

Reference

-

243

228 (93.8)

1.09 (0.45–2.67)

0.85

192

180 (93.8)

Reference

-

White bread n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

194

164 (84.5)

1.83 (1.15–2.92)

0.01

200

149 (74.5)

Reference

-

213

173 (81.2)

1.18 (0.69–2.01)

0.55

181

140 (77.4)

Reference

-

Brown/wholemeal bread n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

194

128 (66.0)

2.22 (1.51–3.26)

0.000

198

90 (45.5)

Reference

-

212

131 (61.8)

1.60 (1.07–2.38)

0.02

180

87 (48.3)

Reference

-

Pancakes/ scones/ fruit bread n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

228

210 (92.1)

1.56 (0.78–3.10)

0.21

205

181 (88.3)

Reference

-

240

217 (90.4)

0.96 (0.50–1.83)

0.90

193

174 (90.2)

Reference

-

Pancakes/ scones/ fruit bread n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

189

113 (59.8)

0.92 (0.55–1.52)

0.74

196

121 (61.7)

Reference

-

205

125 (61.0)

1.03 (0.61–1.73)

0.91

180

109 (60.6)

Reference

-

Milk to drink/ on cereal n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

227

208 (91.6)

1.02 (0.45–2.29)

0.97

204

187 (91.7)

Reference

-

239

218 (91.2)

0.88 (0.40–1.93)

0.75

192

177 (92.2)

Reference

-

Milk to drink n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

190

130 (68.4)

1.66 (1.18–2.33)

0.004

196

111 (56.6)

Reference

-

206

130 (63.1)

1.00 (0.69–1.43)

0.98

180

111 (61.7)

Reference

-

Margarine/ Butter n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

192

128 (66.7)

1.45 (0.98–2.14)

0.07

199

113 (56.8)

Reference

-

211

141 (66.8)

1.54 (1.01–2.36)

0.045

180

100 (55.6)

Reference

-

Chicken (sliced, no sauce) n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

221

138 (62.4)

0.71 (0.49–1.03)

0.07

206

145 (70.4)

Reference

-

236

153 (64.8)

0.91 (0.60–1.39)

0.67

191

130 (68.1)

Reference

-

Chicken (sliced, no sauce) n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

192

120 (62.5)

2.45 (1.55–3.88)

0.000

197

82 (41.6)

Reference

-

210

104 (49.5)

0.71 (0.45–1.14)

0.15

179

98 (54.8)

Reference

-

Beef n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

180

101 (56.1)

0.35 (0.28–0.43)

0.000

123

97 (78.9)

Reference

-

91

91 (61.9)

0.91 (0.74–1.11)

0.35

107

107 (68.6)

Reference

-

Beef n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

224

32 (14.3)

1.27 (0.86–1.86)

0.22

235

36 (15.3)

Reference

-

251

40 (15.9)

1.15 (0.78–1.70)

0.47

208

28 (13.5)

Reference

-

Bacon/ ham/ sausages n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

229

210 (91.7)

0.99 (0.52–1.91)

0.98

203

187 (92.1)

Reference-

243

221 (91.0)

0.74 (0.34–1.62)

0.46

189

176 (93.1)

Reference

-

Bacon/ ham n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

192

139 (72.4)

1.68 (1.29–2.18)

0.000

199

121 (60.8)

Reference

-

211

143 (67.8)

1.06 (0.83–1.37)

0.64

180

117 (65.0)

Reference

-

Sausages n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

194

147 (75.8)

1.11 (0.73–1.68)

0.64

199

147 (73.9)

Reference

-

212

159 (75.0)

1.01 (0.67–1.53)

0.97

181

135 (74.6)

Reference

-

Fish fillet/ tuna n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

220

93 (42.3)

0.71 (0.44–1.15)

0.17

197

98 (49.8)

Reference

-

234

112 (47.9)

1.28 (0.77–2.12)

0.34

183

79 (43.2)

Reference

-

Fish fillet n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

193

49 (25.4)

1.34 (0.84–2.16)

0.22

194

38 (19.6)

Reference

-

209

53 (25.4)

1.39 (0.85–2.27)

0.19

178

34 (19.1)

Reference

-

Biscuits/ chocolate n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

229

216 (94.3)

1.79 (0.98–3.26)

0.06

204

186 (91.2)

Reference

-

243

222 (91.4)

0.53 (0.25–1.13)

0.10

190

180 (94.7)

Reference

-

Chocolate n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

193

134 (69.4)

3.19 (1.69–6.03)

0.000

198

85 (42.9)

Reference

-

211

113 (53.6)

0.68 (0.37–1.26)

0.22

180

106 (58.9)

Reference

-

Fizzy drink n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

232

190 (81.9)

0.88 (0.51–1.52)

0.65

204

171 (83.8)

Reference

-

244

201 (82.4)

0.96 (0.56–1.62)

0.87

192

160 (83.3)

Reference

-

Fizzy drink n

Pupils eating food Endpoint n(%)

Treatment effect (OR 95% CI)

P-value

194

63 (32.5)

1.96 (1.32–2.89)

0.001

198

39 (19.7)

Reference

-

212

57 (26.9)

1.02 (0.66–1.56)

0.94

180

45 (25.0)

Reference

-

  1. an: Total number of pupils that answered questionnaire item at Endpoint data collection. In factorial analysis, the 2 main effects (Nourish compared with no nourish, and Engage compared with no engage) are investigated. P value < 0.05 indicative of significance,
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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