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Table 4 Mann-Whitney U test results for all physical activity levels and other wellbeing behaviours

From: A natural experimental study of improvements along an urban canal: impact on canal usage, physical activity and other wellbeing behaviours

Outcome

Intervention group

Comparison group

Effect (difference between the change in the two groups)

p-value a

Number of observation periods, n

Total count

Median (IQR)

Change in median (from baseline)

Number of observation periods, n

Total count

Median (IQR)

Change in median (from baseline)

Walking (secondary)

Baseline

12

48

4 (1.75)

–

24

64

2 (1.75)

–

–

–

7 months

12

135

12.5 (8.5)

8.5

24

116

5 (3)

3

5.5

.005*

12 months

12

140

11.5 (10)

7.5

24

88

3 (3)

1

6.5

<  0.001*

24 months

10 b

141

12 (9.5)

8

24

98

4 (3.75)

2

6

<  0.001*

Vigorous (secondary)

Baseline

12

3

0 (0.75)

–

24

1

0 (0)

–

–

–

7 months

12

13

0.5 (2)

0.5

24

1

0 (0)

0

0.5

.009*

12 months

12

7

0 (0.75)

0

24

1

0 (0)

0

0

.96

24 months

10 b

13

1 (2.25)

1

24

0

0 (0)

0

1

.002*

Sedentary (exploratory)

Baseline

12

2

0 (0)

–

24

4

0 (0)

–

–

–

7 months

12

24

1.5 (4)

1.5

24

17

0 (1)

0

1.5

.07

12 months

12

31

2 (1)

2

24

9

0 (0.75)

0

2

<  0.001*

24 months

10 b

24

2.5 (2.25)

2.5

24

8

0 (0)

0

2.5

<  0.001*

Connect (exploratory)

Baseline

12

17

1.5 (2)

–

24

24

0.5 (2)

–

–

–

7 months

12

49

4 (5.25)

2.5

24

41

2 (2)

1.5

1

.42

12 months

12

40

3 (5.75)

1.5

24

21

0 (2)

−0.5

2

.03*

24 months

10 b

49

3.5 (5.25)

2

24

25

0 (2)

−0.5

2.5

.006*

Take Notice (exploratory)

Baseline

12

3

0 (0.75)

–

24

5

0 (0)

–

–

–

7 months

12

11

1 (1.75)

1

24

6

0 (0.75)

0

1

.07

12 months

12

8

0 (1)

0

24

7

0 (0)

0

0

.58

24 months

10 b

15

1.5 (1)

1.5

24

3

0 (0)

0

1.5

.001*

  1. IQR interquartile range
  2. a Mann-Whitney U tests were carried out to determine if there were significant differences in the change in counts of behaviours from baseline to each follow-up between intervention and comparison groups; b Two observation periods were cancelled at the intervention site due to ethical concerns regarding observer safety
  3. * Statistically significant at p < 0.05 (z-test, two-tailed)