From: Ideal cardiovascular health at age 5–6 years and cardiometabolic outcomes in preadolescence
Ideal Cardiovascular Health Scorea | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | P for trend | |
N, % | 1666 | 2 (0.1) | 15 (0.9) | 35 (2.1) | 136 (8.2) | 355 (21.3) | 579 (34.8) | 527 (31.6) | 17 (1.0) | |
Age at first measurement (years), mean (SD) | 5.7 (0.4) | 5.5 (0.2) | 5.8 (0.5) | 5.8 (0.4) | 5.7 (0.4) | 5.6 (0.4) | 5.6 (0.4) | 5.6 (0.4) | 5.7 (0.5) | 0.360 |
Male gender, n (%) | 846 (50.8) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (20.0) | 21 (60.0) | 77 (56.6) | 188 (53.0) | 283 (48.9) | 263 (49.9) | 11 (64.7) | 0.055 |
Ideal health factors at age 5/6 years | ||||||||||
Glucose (mmol/L), mean (SE) | 4.6 (0.0) | 4.6 (0.3) | 4.8 (0.1) | 4.9 (0.1) | 4.7 (0.0) | 4.6 (0.0) | 4.6 (0.0) | 4.5 (0.0) | 4.4 (0.1) | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SE) | 4.0 (0.0) | 5.4 (0.4) | 4.4 (0.2) | 4.3 (0.1) | 4.2 (0.1) | 4.3 (0.0) | 4.1 (0.0) | 3.7 (0.0) | 3.6 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) mean (SE) | 97.2 (0.2) | 98.4 (5.5) | 105.7 (2.0) | 103.7 (1.3) | 101.1 (0.7) | 98.4 (0.4) | 96.8 (0.3) | 95.3 (0.3) | 92.7 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg), mean (SE) | 57.4 (0.2) | 64.3 (5.0) | 66.2 (1.8) | 64.2 (1.2) | 60.0 (0.6) | 58.5 (0.4) | 57.1 (0.3) | 55.5 (0.3) | 56.6 (1.7) | < 0.001 |
HDL-C (mmol/L), mean (SE) | 1.3 (0.0) | 1.4 (0.2) | 1.4 (0.1) | 1.4 (0.0) | 1.3 (0.0) | 1.3 (0.0) | 1.3 (0.0) | 1.2 (0.0) | 1.3 (0.1) | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L), mean (SE) | 0.6 (0.0) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.0) | 0.7 (0.0) | 0.6 (0.0) | 0.6 (0.0) | 0.6 (0.0) | 0.6 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
Ideal health behaviors 5/6y | ||||||||||
BMI, mean (SE) | 15.4 (0.0) | 18.9 (0.9) | 17.9 (0.3) | 17.3 (0.2) | 16.1 (0.1) | 15.6 (0.1) | 15.3 (0.1) | 15.1 (0.1) | 15.3 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
Ideal smoking status, n (%) | 1537 (92.3) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (53.3) | 23 (65.7) | 107 (78.7) | 304 (85.6) | 554 (95.7) | 524 (99.4) | 17 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Ideal healthy diet score, n (%) | 33 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.5) | 13 (2.5) | 17 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Ideal physical activity, n (%) | 1469 (88.2) | 1 (50.0) | 7 (46.7) | 21 (60.0) | 90 (66.2) | 286 (80.6) | 521 (90.0) | 526 (99.8) | 17 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Ideal screen time, n (%) | 1339 (80.4) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (26.7) | 8 (22.9) | 49 (36.0) | 228 (64.2) | 506 (87.4) | 527 (100.0) | 17 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Ideal sleep behavior, n (%) | 1356 (81.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (13.3) | 14 (40.0) | 60 (44.1) | 244 (68.7) | 493 (85.1) | 526 (99.8) | 17 (100.0) | < 0.001 |