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Table 2 Association between extended ICH score and cardiovascular health outcomes at age 5–6 years

From: Ideal cardiovascular health at age 5–6 years and cardiometabolic outcomes in preadolescence

  

Ideal Cardiovascular Health Scorea

 

All

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

P for trend

N, %

1666

2 (0.1)

15 (0.9)

35 (2.1)

136 (8.2)

355 (21.3)

579 (34.8)

527 (31.6)

17 (1.0)

 

Age at first measurement (years), mean (SD)

5.7 (0.4)

5.5 (0.2)

5.8 (0.5)

5.8 (0.4)

5.7 (0.4)

5.6 (0.4)

5.6 (0.4)

5.6 (0.4)

5.7 (0.5)

0.360

Male gender, n (%)

846 (50.8)

0 (0.0)

3 (20.0)

21 (60.0)

77 (56.6)

188 (53.0)

283 (48.9)

263 (49.9)

11 (64.7)

0.055

Ideal health factors at age 5/6 years

 Glucose (mmol/L), mean (SE)

4.6 (0.0)

4.6 (0.3)

4.8 (0.1)

4.9 (0.1)

4.7 (0.0)

4.6 (0.0)

4.6 (0.0)

4.5 (0.0)

4.4 (0.1)

< 0.001

 Total cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SE)

4.0 (0.0)

5.4 (0.4)

4.4 (0.2)

4.3 (0.1)

4.2 (0.1)

4.3 (0.0)

4.1 (0.0)

3.7 (0.0)

3.6 (0.2)

< 0.001

 Systolic BP (mmHg) mean (SE)

97.2 (0.2)

98.4 (5.5)

105.7 (2.0)

103.7 (1.3)

101.1 (0.7)

98.4 (0.4)

96.8 (0.3)

95.3 (0.3)

92.7 (1.9)

< 0.001

 Diastolic BP (mmHg), mean (SE)

57.4 (0.2)

64.3 (5.0)

66.2 (1.8)

64.2 (1.2)

60.0 (0.6)

58.5 (0.4)

57.1 (0.3)

55.5 (0.3)

56.6 (1.7)

< 0.001

 HDL-C (mmol/L), mean (SE)

1.3 (0.0)

1.4 (0.2)

1.4 (0.1)

1.4 (0.0)

1.3 (0.0)

1.3 (0.0)

1.3 (0.0)

1.2 (0.0)

1.3 (0.1)

< 0.001

 Triglycerides (mmol/L), mean (SE)

0.6 (0.0)

0.8 (0.2)

0.7 (0.1)

0.8 (0.0)

0.7 (0.0)

0.6 (0.0)

0.6 (0.0)

0.6 (0.0)

0.6 (0.0)

< 0.001

Ideal health behaviors 5/6y

 BMI, mean (SE)

15.4 (0.0)

18.9 (0.9)

17.9 (0.3)

17.3 (0.2)

16.1 (0.1)

15.6 (0.1)

15.3 (0.1)

15.1 (0.1)

15.3 (0.3)

< 0.001

 Ideal smoking status, n (%)

1537 (92.3)

0 (0.0)

8 (53.3)

23 (65.7)

107 (78.7)

304 (85.6)

554 (95.7)

524 (99.4)

17 (100.0)

< 0.001

 Ideal healthy diet score, n (%)

33 (2.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

3 (0.5)

13 (2.5)

17 (100.0)

< 0.001

 Ideal physical activity, n (%)

1469 (88.2)

1 (50.0)

7 (46.7)

21 (60.0)

90 (66.2)

286 (80.6)

521 (90.0)

526 (99.8)

17 (100.0)

< 0.001

 Ideal screen time, n (%)

1339 (80.4)

0 (0.0)

4 (26.7)

8 (22.9)

49 (36.0)

228 (64.2)

506 (87.4)

527 (100.0)

17 (100.0)

< 0.001

 Ideal sleep behavior, n (%)

1356 (81.4)

0 (0.0)

2 (13.3)

14 (40.0)

60 (44.1)

244 (68.7)

493 (85.1)

526 (99.8)

17 (100.0)

< 0.001

  1. Abbreviations: ICH ideal cardiovascular health, N number, SD standard deviation, SE standard error, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Results are adjusted for age and sex
  2. aThere were no children with 0 or 1 ICH point