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Table 4 Proportions of food products in the different categories by trial arm in the overall sample (N = 3382 participants overall)

From: The impact of the Nutri-Score front-of-pack nutrition label on purchasing intentions of unprocessed and processed foods: post-hoc analyses from three randomized controlled trials

Food category

Proportions in percentage

Nutri-Score vs no label

Nutri-Score vs Reference Intakes

Reference Intakes vs no label

No label

Reference Intakes

Nutri-Score

P-value

Difference [95%CI]

P-value

Difference [95%CI]

P-value

Difference [95%CI]

P-value

Fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts

 Raw fruitsa

6.52 ± 6.62

6.25 ± 6.96

12.72 ± 19.19

< 0.0001

6.20 (4.98;7.43)

< 0.0001

6.47 (5.27;7.68)

< 0.0001

−0.27 (−1.49;0.95)

0.9

 Processed fruitsa

0.49 ± 1.55

0.64 ± 1.89

1.96 ± 7.89

< 0.0001

1.47 (0.99;1.94)

< 0.0001

1.31 (0.85;1.78)

< 0.0001

0.15 (− 0.32;0.63)

0.8

 Ultra-processed fruitsa

0.54 ± 1.68

0.53 ± 1.61

0.56 ± 1.89

0.9

0.03 (−0.15;0.20)

0.9

0.03 (−0.14;0.20)

0.9

−0.01 (− 0.18;0.16)

1.0

 Raw vegetablesa

9.23 ± 9.66

9.06 ± 8.82

7.18 ± 10.99

< 0.0001

−2.05 (−3.04;-1.07)

< 0.0001

−1.88 (− 2.84;-0.91)

< 0.0001

− 0.18 (− 1.15;0.8)

0.9

 Processed vegetablesa

1.88 ± 3.43

1.94 ± 3.38

1.82 ± 3.66

0.8

−0.05 (− 0.40;0.29)

0.9

− 0.11 (− 0.45;0.23)

0.8

0.06 (− 0.28;0.40)

1.0

 Ultra-processed vegetablesa

1.99 ± 5.14

1.87 ± 3.16

1.75 ± 3.66

0.4

−0.24 (− 0.65;0.16)

0.3

− 0.12 (− 0.52;0.27)

0.8

−0.12 (− 0.52;0.28)

0.7

 Legumes

1.26 ± 3.06

1.42 ± 3.12

0.91 ± 2.72

< 0.0001

− 0.35 (− 0.64;-0.06)

0.02

− 0.52 (− 0.80;-0.23)

< 0.0001

0.17 (− 0.13;0.46)

0.3

 Seeds and dried fruits

0.65 ± 2.32

0.56 ± 1.81

0.46 ± 1.74

0.08

−0.19 (− 0.39;0.00)

0.06

− 0.11 (− 0.30;0.08)

0.3

−0.08 (− 0.28;0.11)

0.7

 Starches

8.37 ± 7.65

9.44 ± 9.31

6.80 ± 7.30

< 0.0001

−1.56 (−2.36;-0.77)

< 0.0001

− 2.64 (− 3.43;-1.86)

< 0.0001

1.08 (0.29;1.87)

0.008

Milk products and eggs

11.37 ± 10.99

11.74 ± 10.09

9.37 ± 10.24

< 0.0001

−1.99 (−3.03;-0.95)

< 0.0001

− 2.37 (− 3.39;-1.35)

< 0.0001

0.38 (− 0.65;1.41)

0.7

Cheeses

4.60 ± 5.84

3.81 ± 5.84

3.07 ± 5.14

< 0.0001

−1.53 (−2.09;-0.98)

< 0.0001

−0.75 (− 1.29;-0.20)

0.004

− 0.79 (− 1.34;-0.23)

0.003

Meat and fish

 Raw meata

5.16 ± 6.51

5.33 ± 6.22

8.35 ± 12.5

< 0.0001

3.19 (2.31;4.06)

< 0.0001

3.02 (2.16;3.88)

< 0.0001

0.17 (− 0.70;1.04)

0.8

 Ultra-processed meata

3.91 ± 6.34

3.23 ± 4.59

4.66 ± 10.02

< 0.0001

0.75 (0.02;1.48)

0.05

1.43 (0.71;2.14)

< 0.0001

−0.68 (−1.40;0.04)

0.06

 Delicatessen

1.65 ± 4.47

1.38 ± 2.77

0.97 ± 2.57

< 0.0001

−0.68 (−1.01;-0.34)

< 0.0001

− 0.4 (− 0.73;-0.07)

0.01

−0.27 (− 0.61;0.06)

0.1

 Raw fisha

1.84 ± 4.16

1.60 ± 4.14

1.59 ± 4.67

0.4

−0.25 (− 0.67;0.17)

0.4

− 0.01 (− 0.43;0.40)

1.0

− 0.24 (− 0.66;0.18)

0.5

 Processed fisha

1.84 ± 7.38

0.81 ± 1.96

0.76 ± 1.96

< 0.0001

−1.08 (− 1.53;-0.63)

< 0.0001

−0.05 (− 0.49;0.39)

1.0

−1.03 (− 1.47;-0.58)

< 0.0001

 Ultra-processed fisha

1.06 ± 3.93

1.03 ± 2.58

0.77 ± 2.13

0.04

−0.29 (− 0.59;0.00)

0.06

− 0.26 (− 0.55;0.03)

0.07

−0.03 (− 0.32;0.26)

1.0

 Seafood products

0.27 ± 1.83

0.37 ± 1.87

0.38 ± 2.06

0.3

0.11 (−0.08;0.30)

0.4

0.01 (−0.18;0.20)

1.0

0.10 (− 0.09;0.29)

0.4

Sugary products

 Sweet biscuits

3.22 ± 7.05

3.49 ± 8.33

2.25 ± 4.33

< 0.0001

−0.98 (−1.65;-0.31)

0.001

−1.24 (− 1.90;-0.58)

< 0.0001

0.27 (− 0.4;0.93)

0.7

 Confectionery and spreads

3.57 ± 5.16

3.80 ± 4.53

3.07 ± 5.87

0.002

−0.51 (−1.02;0.01)

0.06

−0.73 (−1.24;-0.22)

0.002

0.22 (− 0.29;0.74)

0.5

 Pie dough

0.53 ± 1.61

0.56 ± 1.69

0.33 ± 1.32

0.0004

−0.21 (− 0.36;-0.05)

0.005

− 0.23 (− 0.39;-0.08)

0.0008

0.03 (− 0.12;0.18)

0.9

 Cream desserts

1.26 ± 4.45

1.11 ± 3.85

2.07 ± 7.03

< 0.0001

0.81 (0.28;1.33)

0.001

0.96 (0.44;1.48)

< 0.0001

−0.15 (− 0.68;0.37)

0.8

 Bread and pastries

3.56 ± 5.72

3.51 ± 4.66

3.42 ± 6.70

0.8

−0.14 (− 0.70;0.43)

0.8

− 0.10 (− 0.65;0.46)

0.9

−0.04 (− 0.6;0.52)

0.9

 Breakfast cereals

1.11 ± 2.57

1.30 ± 3.95

0.99 ± 2.48

0.06

−0.11 (− 0.41;0.19)

0.6

− 0.31 (− 0.61;-0.01)

0.05

0.20 (− 0.10;0.50)

0.4

 Ice creams

0.53 ± 1.80

0.51 ± 1.88

0.46 ± 1.71

0.7

−0.07 (− 0.25;0.11)

0.7

− 0.05 (− 0.22;0.13)

0.8

−0.02 (− 0.2;0.15)

1.0

Salty products

 Composite dishes, pizzas and sandwiches

2.68 ± 6.16

2.53 ± 5.65

2.15 ± 5.11

0.06

−0.53 (−1.09;0.02)

0.05

−0.38 (− 0.92;0.17)

0.3

− 0.16 (− 0.71;0.40)

0.7

 Savoury aperitif products

1.21 ± 4.28

1.52 ± 5.48

0.87 ± 2.62

0.002

−0.34 (− 0.77;0.08)

0.1

− 0.65 (−1.07;-0.23)

0.001

0.30 (− 0.12;0.73)

0.2

 Salades

0.06 ± 0.44

0.09 ± 0.56

0.14 ± 1.51

0.2

0.08 (−0.02;0.17)

0.1

0.05 (− 0.04;0.14)

0.4

0.03 (− 0.07;0.12)

0.8

 Soups

0.33 ± 1.41

0.52 ± 3.91

0.21 ± 1.44

0.01

−0.12 (− 0.37;0.14)

0.5

− 0.31 (− 0.56;-0.06)

0.01

0.19 (− 0.06;0.45)

0.2

 Vegetable soups

0.70 ± 3.75

0.74 ± 2.41

0.50 ± 1.82

0.08

−0.20 (− 0.48;0.07)

0.2

− 0.24 (− 0.51;0.03)

0.1

0.04 (− 0.23;0.31)

1.0

Sauces and condiments

3.16 ± 5.18

2.98 ± 4.31

2.64 ± 6.42

0.06

−0.53 (−1.05;0.00)

0.06

−0.34 (− 0.86;0.18)

0.2

−0.18 (− 0.71;0.34)

0.8

Fats and oils

2.77 ± 4.51

2.94 ± 4.45

3.03 ± 6.39

0.4

0.26 (−0.24;0.77)

0.4

0.09 (−0.41;0.59)

0.9

0.17 (−0.33;0.68)

0.6

Beverages

 Waters

6.51 ± 12.75

5.79 ± 9.78

6.72 ± 11.75

0.1

0.21 (−0.93;1.35)

0.9

0.93 (−0.19;2.05)

0.1

−0.72 (−1.85;0.41)

0.3

 Fruits juices

2.52 ± 5.07

2.46 ± 5.60

3.61 ± 8.43

< 0.0001

1.09 (0.45;1.73)

0.0003

1.16 (0.52;1.79)

< 0.0001

−0.07 (− 0.70;0.57)

0.9

 Syrups and sweetened beverages

1.40 ± 4.22

1.35 ± 3.42

1.64 ± 5.67

0.2

0.25 (−0.20;0.69)

0.4

0.29 (−0.15;0.73)

0.2

−0.04 (− 0.49;0.40)

0.9

 Tea, hot chocolate and coffea

2.24 ± 3.49

3.77 ± 7.84

1.82 ± 3.26

< 0.0001

−0.42 (− 0.95;0.11)

0.2

−1.95 (− 2.47;-1.43)

< 0.0001

1.53 (1.00;2.06)

< 0.0001

  1. a These sub-categories correspond to the food categories for which a distinction was made by the degree of processing. Raw foods corresponded to NOVA 1 group, processed foods to NOVA 2 group and ultra-processed foods to NOVA 4 group. No product from NOVA 3 group was found for the ‘Meat’ category, resulting in only two sub-categories