Food category | Proportions in percentage | Nutri-Score vs no label | Nutri-Score vs Reference Intakes | Reference Intakes vs no label | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No label | Reference Intakes | Nutri-Score | P-value | Difference [95%CI] | P-value | Difference [95%CI] | P-value | Difference [95%CI] | P-value | |
Fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts | ||||||||||
Raw fruitsa | 6.52 ± 6.62 | 6.25 ± 6.96 | 12.72 ± 19.19 | < 0.0001 | 6.20 (4.98;7.43) | < 0.0001 | 6.47 (5.27;7.68) | < 0.0001 | −0.27 (−1.49;0.95) | 0.9 |
Processed fruitsa | 0.49 ± 1.55 | 0.64 ± 1.89 | 1.96 ± 7.89 | < 0.0001 | 1.47 (0.99;1.94) | < 0.0001 | 1.31 (0.85;1.78) | < 0.0001 | 0.15 (− 0.32;0.63) | 0.8 |
Ultra-processed fruitsa | 0.54 ± 1.68 | 0.53 ± 1.61 | 0.56 ± 1.89 | 0.9 | 0.03 (−0.15;0.20) | 0.9 | 0.03 (−0.14;0.20) | 0.9 | −0.01 (− 0.18;0.16) | 1.0 |
Raw vegetablesa | 9.23 ± 9.66 | 9.06 ± 8.82 | 7.18 ± 10.99 | < 0.0001 | −2.05 (−3.04;-1.07) | < 0.0001 | −1.88 (− 2.84;-0.91) | < 0.0001 | − 0.18 (− 1.15;0.8) | 0.9 |
Processed vegetablesa | 1.88 ± 3.43 | 1.94 ± 3.38 | 1.82 ± 3.66 | 0.8 | −0.05 (− 0.40;0.29) | 0.9 | − 0.11 (− 0.45;0.23) | 0.8 | 0.06 (− 0.28;0.40) | 1.0 |
Ultra-processed vegetablesa | 1.99 ± 5.14 | 1.87 ± 3.16 | 1.75 ± 3.66 | 0.4 | −0.24 (− 0.65;0.16) | 0.3 | − 0.12 (− 0.52;0.27) | 0.8 | −0.12 (− 0.52;0.28) | 0.7 |
Legumes | 1.26 ± 3.06 | 1.42 ± 3.12 | 0.91 ± 2.72 | < 0.0001 | − 0.35 (− 0.64;-0.06) | 0.02 | − 0.52 (− 0.80;-0.23) | < 0.0001 | 0.17 (− 0.13;0.46) | 0.3 |
Seeds and dried fruits | 0.65 ± 2.32 | 0.56 ± 1.81 | 0.46 ± 1.74 | 0.08 | −0.19 (− 0.39;0.00) | 0.06 | − 0.11 (− 0.30;0.08) | 0.3 | −0.08 (− 0.28;0.11) | 0.7 |
Starches | 8.37 ± 7.65 | 9.44 ± 9.31 | 6.80 ± 7.30 | < 0.0001 | −1.56 (−2.36;-0.77) | < 0.0001 | − 2.64 (− 3.43;-1.86) | < 0.0001 | 1.08 (0.29;1.87) | 0.008 |
Milk products and eggs | 11.37 ± 10.99 | 11.74 ± 10.09 | 9.37 ± 10.24 | < 0.0001 | −1.99 (−3.03;-0.95) | < 0.0001 | − 2.37 (− 3.39;-1.35) | < 0.0001 | 0.38 (− 0.65;1.41) | 0.7 |
Cheeses | 4.60 ± 5.84 | 3.81 ± 5.84 | 3.07 ± 5.14 | < 0.0001 | −1.53 (−2.09;-0.98) | < 0.0001 | −0.75 (− 1.29;-0.20) | 0.004 | − 0.79 (− 1.34;-0.23) | 0.003 |
Meat and fish | ||||||||||
Raw meata | 5.16 ± 6.51 | 5.33 ± 6.22 | 8.35 ± 12.5 | < 0.0001 | 3.19 (2.31;4.06) | < 0.0001 | 3.02 (2.16;3.88) | < 0.0001 | 0.17 (− 0.70;1.04) | 0.8 |
Ultra-processed meata | 3.91 ± 6.34 | 3.23 ± 4.59 | 4.66 ± 10.02 | < 0.0001 | 0.75 (0.02;1.48) | 0.05 | 1.43 (0.71;2.14) | < 0.0001 | −0.68 (−1.40;0.04) | 0.06 |
Delicatessen | 1.65 ± 4.47 | 1.38 ± 2.77 | 0.97 ± 2.57 | < 0.0001 | −0.68 (−1.01;-0.34) | < 0.0001 | − 0.4 (− 0.73;-0.07) | 0.01 | −0.27 (− 0.61;0.06) | 0.1 |
Raw fisha | 1.84 ± 4.16 | 1.60 ± 4.14 | 1.59 ± 4.67 | 0.4 | −0.25 (− 0.67;0.17) | 0.4 | − 0.01 (− 0.43;0.40) | 1.0 | − 0.24 (− 0.66;0.18) | 0.5 |
Processed fisha | 1.84 ± 7.38 | 0.81 ± 1.96 | 0.76 ± 1.96 | < 0.0001 | −1.08 (− 1.53;-0.63) | < 0.0001 | −0.05 (− 0.49;0.39) | 1.0 | −1.03 (− 1.47;-0.58) | < 0.0001 |
Ultra-processed fisha | 1.06 ± 3.93 | 1.03 ± 2.58 | 0.77 ± 2.13 | 0.04 | −0.29 (− 0.59;0.00) | 0.06 | − 0.26 (− 0.55;0.03) | 0.07 | −0.03 (− 0.32;0.26) | 1.0 |
Seafood products | 0.27 ± 1.83 | 0.37 ± 1.87 | 0.38 ± 2.06 | 0.3 | 0.11 (−0.08;0.30) | 0.4 | 0.01 (−0.18;0.20) | 1.0 | 0.10 (− 0.09;0.29) | 0.4 |
Sugary products | ||||||||||
Sweet biscuits | 3.22 ± 7.05 | 3.49 ± 8.33 | 2.25 ± 4.33 | < 0.0001 | −0.98 (−1.65;-0.31) | 0.001 | −1.24 (− 1.90;-0.58) | < 0.0001 | 0.27 (− 0.4;0.93) | 0.7 |
Confectionery and spreads | 3.57 ± 5.16 | 3.80 ± 4.53 | 3.07 ± 5.87 | 0.002 | −0.51 (−1.02;0.01) | 0.06 | −0.73 (−1.24;-0.22) | 0.002 | 0.22 (− 0.29;0.74) | 0.5 |
Pie dough | 0.53 ± 1.61 | 0.56 ± 1.69 | 0.33 ± 1.32 | 0.0004 | −0.21 (− 0.36;-0.05) | 0.005 | − 0.23 (− 0.39;-0.08) | 0.0008 | 0.03 (− 0.12;0.18) | 0.9 |
Cream desserts | 1.26 ± 4.45 | 1.11 ± 3.85 | 2.07 ± 7.03 | < 0.0001 | 0.81 (0.28;1.33) | 0.001 | 0.96 (0.44;1.48) | < 0.0001 | −0.15 (− 0.68;0.37) | 0.8 |
Bread and pastries | 3.56 ± 5.72 | 3.51 ± 4.66 | 3.42 ± 6.70 | 0.8 | −0.14 (− 0.70;0.43) | 0.8 | − 0.10 (− 0.65;0.46) | 0.9 | −0.04 (− 0.6;0.52) | 0.9 |
Breakfast cereals | 1.11 ± 2.57 | 1.30 ± 3.95 | 0.99 ± 2.48 | 0.06 | −0.11 (− 0.41;0.19) | 0.6 | − 0.31 (− 0.61;-0.01) | 0.05 | 0.20 (− 0.10;0.50) | 0.4 |
Ice creams | 0.53 ± 1.80 | 0.51 ± 1.88 | 0.46 ± 1.71 | 0.7 | −0.07 (− 0.25;0.11) | 0.7 | − 0.05 (− 0.22;0.13) | 0.8 | −0.02 (− 0.2;0.15) | 1.0 |
Salty products | ||||||||||
Composite dishes, pizzas and sandwiches | 2.68 ± 6.16 | 2.53 ± 5.65 | 2.15 ± 5.11 | 0.06 | −0.53 (−1.09;0.02) | 0.05 | −0.38 (− 0.92;0.17) | 0.3 | − 0.16 (− 0.71;0.40) | 0.7 |
Savoury aperitif products | 1.21 ± 4.28 | 1.52 ± 5.48 | 0.87 ± 2.62 | 0.002 | −0.34 (− 0.77;0.08) | 0.1 | − 0.65 (−1.07;-0.23) | 0.001 | 0.30 (− 0.12;0.73) | 0.2 |
Salades | 0.06 ± 0.44 | 0.09 ± 0.56 | 0.14 ± 1.51 | 0.2 | 0.08 (−0.02;0.17) | 0.1 | 0.05 (− 0.04;0.14) | 0.4 | 0.03 (− 0.07;0.12) | 0.8 |
Soups | 0.33 ± 1.41 | 0.52 ± 3.91 | 0.21 ± 1.44 | 0.01 | −0.12 (− 0.37;0.14) | 0.5 | − 0.31 (− 0.56;-0.06) | 0.01 | 0.19 (− 0.06;0.45) | 0.2 |
Vegetable soups | 0.70 ± 3.75 | 0.74 ± 2.41 | 0.50 ± 1.82 | 0.08 | −0.20 (− 0.48;0.07) | 0.2 | − 0.24 (− 0.51;0.03) | 0.1 | 0.04 (− 0.23;0.31) | 1.0 |
Sauces and condiments | 3.16 ± 5.18 | 2.98 ± 4.31 | 2.64 ± 6.42 | 0.06 | −0.53 (−1.05;0.00) | 0.06 | −0.34 (− 0.86;0.18) | 0.2 | −0.18 (− 0.71;0.34) | 0.8 |
Fats and oils | 2.77 ± 4.51 | 2.94 ± 4.45 | 3.03 ± 6.39 | 0.4 | 0.26 (−0.24;0.77) | 0.4 | 0.09 (−0.41;0.59) | 0.9 | 0.17 (−0.33;0.68) | 0.6 |
Beverages | ||||||||||
Waters | 6.51 ± 12.75 | 5.79 ± 9.78 | 6.72 ± 11.75 | 0.1 | 0.21 (−0.93;1.35) | 0.9 | 0.93 (−0.19;2.05) | 0.1 | −0.72 (−1.85;0.41) | 0.3 |
Fruits juices | 2.52 ± 5.07 | 2.46 ± 5.60 | 3.61 ± 8.43 | < 0.0001 | 1.09 (0.45;1.73) | 0.0003 | 1.16 (0.52;1.79) | < 0.0001 | −0.07 (− 0.70;0.57) | 0.9 |
Syrups and sweetened beverages | 1.40 ± 4.22 | 1.35 ± 3.42 | 1.64 ± 5.67 | 0.2 | 0.25 (−0.20;0.69) | 0.4 | 0.29 (−0.15;0.73) | 0.2 | −0.04 (− 0.49;0.40) | 0.9 |
Tea, hot chocolate and coffea | 2.24 ± 3.49 | 3.77 ± 7.84 | 1.82 ± 3.26 | < 0.0001 | −0.42 (− 0.95;0.11) | 0.2 | −1.95 (− 2.47;-1.43) | < 0.0001 | 1.53 (1.00;2.06) | < 0.0001 |