| |
Intervention group (46 schools, n = 7860)
|
Control group (47 schools, n = 8157)
|
Adjusted mean difference1 (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
Baseline
|
Post
|
Baseline
|
Post
|
Unstandardized
|
Standardized2
|
|---|
|
M (SD)
|
M (SD)
|
M (SD)
|
M (SD)
|
|---|
|
20MSR
|
|
Fitness, laps
|
36.11 (20.75)
|
41.36 (21.95)
|
37.85 (20.65)
|
42.37 (22.28)
|
0.48 (−2.52, 3.48)
|
0.02 (−0.11, 0.16)
|
|
Reaction time task
|
|
RT3, ms
|
378.7 (86.65)
|
378.58 (99.46)
|
380.21 (89.7)
|
376.07 (95.94)
|
3.63 (−7.04, 14.3)
|
0.04 (−0.07, 0.15)
|
|
Relational memory task
|
|
Accuracy, %
|
59.75 (11.93)
|
59.53 (13.05)
|
59.76 (12.24)
|
60.78 (13.08)
|
−1.37 (−3, 0.26)
|
−0.1 (−0.23, 0.02)
|
|
Two-back task
|
|
Accuracy, %
|
54.43 (18.46)
|
55.24 (20.9)
|
53.4 (18.74)
|
55.48 (20.99)
|
−0.96 (−3.38, 1.47)
|
−0.05 (−0.16, 0.07)
|
|
RT3, ms
|
857.67 (164.84)
|
802.26 (175.03)
|
844.17 (171.04)
|
799.45 (174.9)
|
−4.25 (−23.09, 14.58)
|
−0.02 (−0.13, 0.08)
|
|
Flanker task
|
|
Accuracy congruent, %
|
82.83 (17.14)
|
84.21 (16.57)
|
81.91 (16.81)
|
84.55 (16.44)
|
−0.92 (−2.38, 0.53)
|
−0.06 (−0.14, 0.03)
|
|
Accuracy incongruent, %
|
60.22 (20.67)
|
62.2 (20.33)
|
60.02 (19.55)
|
63.06 (19.65)
|
−1.05 (−2.86, 0.76)
|
−0.05 (−0.14, 0.04)
|
|
RT3 congruent, ms
|
490.26 (92.13)
|
476.82 (84.22)
|
490.35 (94.51)
|
479.19 (81.26)
|
−2.49 (−10.37, 5.39)
|
−0.03 (−0.13, 0.07)
|
|
RT3 incongruent, ms
|
552.9 (127.12)
|
537.89 (108.67)
|
548.15 (126.16)
|
541.25 (109.06)
|
−5.74 (−15.41, 3.93)
|
−0.05 (−0.14, 0.04)
|
|
Colour-shape switching task
|
|
Accuracy non-switch, %
|
73.27 (17.21)
|
75.18 (17.61)
|
72.88 (17.25)
|
75.61 (17.48)
|
−0.76 (−2.64, 1.12)
|
−0.04 (−0.15, 0.06)
|
|
Accuracy switch, %
|
69.51 (16.89)
|
71.47 (17.65)
|
69.36 (17.15)
|
71.56 (17.59)
|
−0.32 (−2.16, 1.52)
|
−0.02 (−0.12, 0.09)
|
|
RT3 non-switch, ms
|
1075.67 (352.18)
|
974.95 (320.46)
|
1051.07 (337.52)
|
970.87 (318.08)
|
−5.86 (−34.33, 22.61)
|
−0.02 (−0.11, 0.07)
|
|
RT3 switch, ms
|
1452.99 (602.23)
|
1331.63 (562.05)
|
1404.21 (569.5)
|
1321.97 (544.16)
|
−13.18 (−66.27, 39.91)
|
−0.02 (−0.12, 0.07)
|
|
Psychosocial problems
|
|
Internalising score3
|
5.1 (3.56)
|
5.47 (3.72)
|
5.07 (3.49)
|
5.25 (3.6)
|
0.19 (−0.18, 0.57)
|
0.05 (−0.05, 0.16)
|
|
Externalising score3
|
6.34 (3.85)
|
6.73 (3.78)
|
6.29 (3.74)
|
6.45 (3.8)
|
0.24 (−0.13, 0.61)
|
0.06 (−0.03, 0.16)
|
|
Self-esteem
|
|
Global
|
4.39 (0.94)
|
4.23 (1.03)
|
4.43 (0.9)
|
4.3 (0.97)
|
−0.05 (−0.22, 0.12)
|
−0.05 (−0.22, 0.12)
|
|
Physical
|
4.36 (1.31)
|
4.07 (1.41)
|
4.44 (1.27)
|
4.14 (1.36)
|
−0.02 (−0.22, 0.19)
|
−0.01 (−0.16, 0.14)
|
- Abbreviations: CRF cardiorespiratory fitness, ms millisecond, RT reaction time
- 1 Adjusted mean difference, adjusted for clustering, baseline values of the outcome variable and school gender-type
- 2 The outcome was standardized (mean = 0, SD = 1), prior to fitting the baseline and stratification-variable adjusted model
- 3 Lower scores represent better performance
