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Table 3 Associations of trajectories of quintile of Chinese Healthy Eating Index during the 10-year period (1997–2006) with the subsequent risk of death in all respondents and subgroups (n = 6398)

From: Longitudinal trajectories of diet quality and subsequent mortality among Chinese adults: results from the China health and nutrition survey 1997–2015

 

Trajectories of quintile of Chinese Healthy Eating Index

Group 1 (Worsening)

Group 2 (Low-moderate-low)

Group 3 (Improving)

Group 4 (High-moderate-high)

All respondents

N, death/total

110/1469

178/1649

80/1434

114/1846

 Basic model, HR (95% CI)a

0.99 (0.78, 1.26)

Ref.

0.80 (0.61, 1.04)

0.79 (0.62, 1.002)

 Multivariable model, HR (95% CI)b

0.91 (0.71, 1.18)

Ref.

0.73 (0.55, 0.97)*

0.76 (0.59, 0.98)*

Baseline age

 20 to < 65 years

  N, death/total

75/1387

109/1474

54/1361

88/1762

  Multivariable model, HR (95% CI)2

0.80 (0.59, 1.09)

Ref.

0.62 (0.44, 0.87)**

0.74 (0.55, 0.99)*

 ≥ 65 years

  N, death/total

35/82

69/175

26/73

26/84

  Multivariable model, HR (95% CI)b

1.14 (0.70, 1.84)

Ref.

1.02 (0.61, 1.69)

0.85 (0.49, 1.48)

Sex

 Male

  N, death/total

60/713

104/815

44/688

73/913

  Multivariable model, HR (95% CI)b

0.75 (0.53, 1.04)

Ref.

0.58 (0.40, 0.85)**

0.61 (0.44, 0.85)**

 Female

  N, death/total

50/756

74/834

36/746

41/933

  Multivariable model, HR (95% CI)b

1.21 (0.80, 1.81)

Ref.

1.00 (0.64, 1.56)

1.07 (0.70, 1.64)

Baseline residence

 Rural

  N, death/total

21/389

50/465

18/398

25/615

  Multivariable model, HR (95% CI)b

1.25 (0.70, 2.23)

Ref.

0.95 (0.50, 1.80)

0.64 (0.36, 1.13)

 Urban

  N, death/total

89/1080

128/1184

62/1036

89/1231

  Multivariable model, HR (95% CI)b

0.87 (0.65, 1.15)

Ref.

0.71 (0.51, 0.98)*

0.80 (0.60, 1.08)

  1. a Basic model adjusted for age and sex
  2. b Multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, residence (rural or urban), initial household income and changes in household income (all in quantile, inflated to 2015), changes in marital status, changes in physical activity, changes in smoke status, sleep duration (short, meet the US National Sleep Foundation’s recommendation, long), initial BMI (< 18.5, 18.5–23.9, 24–27.9, or ≥ 28), weight change (in quintiles), history of hypertension, and history of diabetes. The changes referred to the ten-year period (1997–2006)
  3. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001