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Table 2 Risk of bias assessment using the ROBINS-I risk-of-bias tool for non-randomized studies of interventions

From: Equity-specific effects of interventions to promote physical activity among middle-aged and older adults: results from applying a novel equity-specific re-analysis strategy

Study

Risk of bias domain

Confounding

Selection of participants into the study

Classification of interventions

Deviations from intended interventions

Missing data

Measurement of outcomes

Selection of the reported result

Overall risk of biasa

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Moderate

Low

Low

Low

Moderate

Serious

Low

Serious

  1. aLow risk of bias: The study is judged to be at low risk of bias for all domains; Moderate risk of bias: The study is judged to be at low or moderate risk of bias for all domains; Serious risk of bias: The study is judged to be at serious risk of bias in at least one domain, but not at critical risk of bias in any domain; Critical risk of bias: The study is judged to be at critical risk of bias in at least one domain