Table 1 Risk of bias judgement by domains of bias using the ROBINS-I tool
| Â | Confoundinga | Selection of participants | Classification of exposure | Deviations from intended exposures | Missing data | Measurement of outcomes | Selection of the reported result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Darkel, 2016 [25] | Serious | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Ni | Low | Moderate |
Boyle, 2012 [22] | Critical | Serious | Serious | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | Serious |
Kamada, 2017 [8] | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
Keum, 2016 [23] | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
Kraschnewski, 2016 [18] | Serious | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
Loprinzi, 2017 [20] | Serious | Critical | Low | Moderate | Ni | Low | Moderate |
Mazzilli, 2019 [12] | Serious | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Patel, 2020 [19] | Serious | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Rezende, 2020 [13] | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
Siahpush, 2018 [24] | Serious | Low | Low | Moderate | Ni | Low | Moderate |
Stamatakis, 2018 [11] | Serious | Low | Low | Moderate | Ni | Low | Moderate |
Zhao, 2020 [21] | Serious | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |