Fig. 1

Spatial distribution of parks across and within planning areas across Singapore. Parks in green include larger regional parks, nature reserves and smaller community parks managed by the National Parks Board. Public housing estates where over 80% of Singaporeans live are dark grey and the white boundary lines represent the 55 planning areas of the Urban Redevelopment Authority. Light-grey non-residential areas are mostly industrial or wetlands and water catchments. Residential planning areas have been colour coded to show the numbers of participants within each