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Table 2 Included review characteristics

From: Dynamics of the complex food environment underlying dietary intake in low-income groups: a systems map of associations extracted from a systematic umbrella literature review

First author, year

Review focus

Review type; number of relevant studies

Age group and further characteristicsa

Country / regiona

Dietary outcomea

Income-related outcomea

Akande, 2015 [32]

Dietary consumption patterns and physical activity

Systematic; quantitative, qualitative; k = 9

Adults (Canadian Inuit)

Canada

Consumption patterns; access to healthy food

Socioeconomic factors (income and education)

Attree, 2005 [17]

Diet and nutrition in low-income families

Systematic; qualitative; k = 11

Female adults (mothers); low-income

UK

Diet and nutrition

Income

Attree, 2006 [33]

Diet and nutrition issues in UK policies affecting low-income households

Systematic; qualitative; k = 32

All; low-income

UK

Diet and nutrition

Income

Ball, 2006 [34]

SES and obesity

Non-systematic; k = 11

All

HUMIC

Dietary intake

SES

Bomberg, 2017 [35]

Obesity-related behaviours in adults, children and pets

Non-systematic; k = 10

Children; adults

Not specified

Numerous

SES; area deprivation; poverty

Bonaccio, 2016 [36]

Socioeconomic determinants of Mediterranean diet

Non-systematic; k = 9

Adults

HUMIC

Dietary pattern

SES

Correa, 2015 [10]

Built environments correlates of obesity

Non-systematic; quantitative; k = 7

Children; adolescents

HUMIC

Dietary intake

Neighbourhood income

Darmon, 2008 [6]

SES differences in diet quality and causal mechanisms

Non-systematic; k = 51

All

HUMIC

Diet quality (consumption; variety)

SES

Darmon, 2015 [14]

Food prices and socioeconomic disparities in diet quality

Systematic; k = 16

All

Not specified

Diet quality

Income

De Ridder, 2017 [37]

Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions for healthy diets

Systematic; k = 12

Adults

HUMIC

Pattern of food consumption

SES (education, work status, income)

Di Noia, 2014 [38]

Determinants of F&V intake

Systematic; quantitative; k = 58

Children; adolescents

HUMIC

Intake (F&V)

Income

Dowler, 2008 [39]

Policy responses for nutritional needs in low-income households

Non-systematic; k = 29

Households

UK

Dietary pattern

Income

Doyle, 2017 [40]

Determinants of (changing?) dietary patterns and quality during pregnancy

Systematic; quantitative; k = 3

Female adults (pregnant)

HUMIC

Diet quality

Income

Dunneram, 2015 [41]

Determinants of eating habits among older adults

Non-systematic; quantitative, qualitative; k = 3

Older adults

Global

Diet quality

SES

Hanson,2014 [42]

Food insecurity and dietary quality in adults and children

Systematic; quantitative; k = 26

Children; adults

USA

Diet quality

Income

Hartmann-Boyce, 2018 [43]

Effectiveness of grocery store interventions on purchasing behaviour and consumption

Systematic; quantitative; k = 12 low-SES groups; k = 6 analysis by SES

Children; adults

HUMIC

Purchasing behaviour

SES (household income; area income)

Hawkes, 2015 [44]

Policies for obesity prevention

Non-systematic; k = 21

All

Not specified

Dietary consumption

SES

Janssen, 2017 [11]

Determinants of out-of-home foods

Non-systematic; k = 21

All

HUMIC

Dietary consumption

Area deprivation, SES group

Krolner, 2011 [45]

Determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption

Systematic; qualitative; k = 6

Children; adolescents

HUMIC

F&V consumption

SES; household income

Lawman, 2012 [46]

Family and environmental correlates of health behaviours

Non-systematic; quantitative; k = 12

Children; adolescents (10–18 years; risk of metabolic disorder due to sociodemographic factors)

Not specified

Dietary intake (F&V; fat; nutrients; fast food)

SES

Leech, 2014 [47]

Clustering of diet, PA and SB

Non-systematic; quantitative; k = 18

Children; adolescents

HUMIC

Diet quality

SES

Lovasi, 2009 [48]

Built environments and obesity

Systematic; quantitative; k = 4

All

USA

Dietary intake / Access to healthy foods

Disadvantaged populations

Mcphie, 2014 [49]

Correlates of maternal child feeding practices

Systematic; quantitative; k = 7

Children (2–6 years)

HMIC

Feeding practices

Maternal education or household income

Minaker, 2016 [50]

Retail food environments

Scoping; quantitative, qualitative; k = 28

All

Canada

Access to healthy food (food choice)

Area SES

Myers, 2018 [51]

Food craving and body weight

Non-systematic; k = 2

Adults

Not specified

Food cravings

Income, food insecure groups, disadvantaged groups

Nicklett, 2013 [12]

F&V intake in older adults

Scoping; quantitative, qualitative; k = 13

Older adults

Not specified

F&V purchases and intake

Household income; neighbourhood deprivation

Ohly, 2017 [52]

Low-income pregnant women and Healthy Start programme

Realist; k = 38

Female adults (pregnant)

UK, USA

Purchasing decisions

Income

Olstad, 2017 [16]

Targeted obesity policies for obesity-related behaviours in low SES populations

Systematic; quantitative; k = 18

Children; adults; low-SES

HUMIC

Dietary intake

SES

Ontai, 2009 [53]

Family-based obesity prevention in low-income children

Non-systematic; k = 2

Children

Not specified

Dietary intake,

Income

Oostindjer, 2017 [54]

School meals and diet

Non-systematic; k = 12

Children

Global

Intake and dietary behaviour

Income

Osei-Kwasi, 2016 [55]

Determinants dietary behaviour in ethnic minorities

Systematic mapping; quantitative, qualitative; k = 37

All

Europe

Dietary behaviour

Ethnic minority groups with low income

Pampel, 2010 [56]

Socioeconomic disparities in health behaviours

Non-systematic; quantitative, qualitative; k = 13

All

Not specified

Diet

SES

Paquette, 2005 [57]

Perceptions of healthy eating

Non-systematic; quantitative, qualitative k = 2

All

Global

Perception of health Intake

SES

Pitt, 2017 [58]

Local food environments and food behaviours

Systematic, meta-analysis; qualitative; k = 30

Adults

HUMIC

Food behaviour

SES

Power, 2005 [59]

Determinants of healthy eating in low-income Canadians

Non-systematic; k = 69

All

HUMIC

Eating behaviour

Income

Robinson, 2008 [60]

F&V intake in low-income African Americans

Systematic; k = 13

All

USA

F&V intake

Income

Robinson, 2012 [61]

Development of obesity in infancy and children

Non-systematic; k = 9

Infants; children

Not specified

Consumption; purchasing

Household Income, SES

Savage, 2007 [62]

Parental influence on eating behaviour

Non-systematic; k = 2

Infants; children; adolescents

Not specified

Intake; eating behaviour

SES, income

Scaglioni, 2018 [63]

Factors influencing children’s eating behaviours

Systematic; k = 3

Infants; children; adolescents

HUMIC

Eating behaviours

Income, education, SES, employment, area advantage

Shemilt, 2013 [64]

Economic instruments for population diet and PA behaviour change

Systematic scoping; quantitative; k = 65

All

Global

Intake; behaviour; purchasing

Income

Sigman-Grant, 2015 [65]

Family resiliency and obesity in young children

Non-systematic; k = 6

Children

Not specified

Dietary intake

Household income, neighbourhood income

Story, 2008 [13]

Policy and environmental approaches to healthy food and eating environments

Non-systematic; k = 9

All

USA

Access to healthy food

Neighbourhood income

Zarnowiecki, 2014 [66]

SES and predictors of children’s dietary intake

Systematic; quantitative; k = 28

Children (9–13 years)

HUMIC

Dietary intake

SES

  1. aScope of the review, rather than relevant studies considered for data extraction. HUMIC higher- or upper-middle-income country, SES socioeconomic status