Fig. 2

All-cause mortality risk associated with high vs. low LTPA among (a) low OPA group, (b) moderate OPA and (c) high OPA. Each bar represents a study/analysis. The height of each bar indicates the study quality; with higher bars assessed as higher quality with fewer biases. Bars are arranged by publication date moving from oldest to newest. * – Not based on formal statistical testing, but visual trends in the data. ¥ – data compared low LTPA to mod-high LTPA