Adherence to 24-h movement behavior guidelines and psychosocial functioning in young children: a longitudinal analysis

Taylor, Rachael W.; Haszard, Jillian J.; Healey, Dione; Meredith-Jones, Kim A.; Taylor, Barry J.; Galland, Barbara C.

doi:10.1186/s12966-021-01185-w

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 3 Meeting 24-h movement behavior guidelines through early childhood and mental wellbeing (depression and anxiety) and adaptive skills (resilience) at five years (n = 528)

From: Adherence to 24-h movement behavior guidelines and psychosocial functioning in young children: a longitudinal analysis

	n	N (%) who met guideline	Depression at 5 years of age	Anxiety at 5 years of age	Resilience at 5 years of age
	n	N (%) who met guideline	Standardised mean difference (95% CI)^a for those who met the guideline compared to those who did not
Physical activity: ≥ 180 min/day LMVPA^b
At 1 year of age	315	122 (38.7)	-0.28 (-0.51, -0.06)	-0.23 (-0.47, 0.00)	0.23 (-0.01, 0.46)
Physical activity: ≥ 180 min/day LMVPA including 60 min energetic play^c
At 3.5 years of age	305	187 (61.3)	-0.04 (-0.28, 0.20)	-0.04 (-0.28, 0.20)	0.05 (-0.17, 0.28)
At 5 years of age	382	310 (81.2)	-0.11 (-0.38, 0.16)	-0.20 (-0.46, 0.06)	0.21 (-0.04, 0.47)
At both 3.5 and 5 years of age	266	144 (54.1)	-0.12 (-0.37, 0.13)	-0.15 (-0.40, 0.10)	0.17 (-0.07, 0.40)
Sedentary time: no screen time or no more than 60 min/day^d
At 1 year of age	305	191 (62.6)	-0.15 (-0.38, 0.08)	-0.30 (-0.54, -0.06)	0.12 (-0.11, 0.36)
At 2 years of age	220	35 (15.9)	-0.29 (-0.66, 0.07)	-0.17 (-0.55, 0.21)	0.13 (-0.25, 0.52)
At 5 years of age	377	151 (40.1)	-0.34 (-0.56, -0.13)	-0.13 (-0.34, 0.09)	0.18 (-0.03, 0.39)
At 2 or more time points	311	83 (26.7)	-0.43 (-0.68, -0.18)	-0.36 (-0.62, -0.09)	0.24 (-0.02, 0.50)
Sedentary time: not being restrained for > 60 min at a time^e
At 1 year of age	305	273 (89.5)	-0.14 (-0.51, 0.22)	0.00 (-0.38, 0.39)	0.07 (-0.31, 0.44)
Sedentary time: no screen time or no > 60 min AND not being restrained for > 60 min at a time
At 1 year of age	305	176 (57.7)	-0.12 (-0.34, 0.11)	-0.29 (-0.53, -0.06)	0.11 (-0.12, 0.34)
Sleep: 11 – 14 h or 10 – 13 h including naps^f
At 1 year of age	307	258 (84.0)	-0.07 (-0.37, 0.23)	-0.34 (-0.66, -0.02)	0.13 (-0.18, 0.43)
At 5 years of age	370	325 (87.8)	0.18 (-0.14, 0.50)	0.00 (-0.31, 0.32)	-0.12 (-0.43, 0.19)
Sleep: consistent sleep and wake times^g
At 1 year of age	307	56 (18.2)	-0.20 (-0.49, 0.07)	-0.13 (-0.43, 0.17)	0.25 (-0.04, 0.54)
At 2 years of age	254	67 (26.4)	0.11 (-0.17, 0.40)	0.13 (-0.16, 0.43)	-0.06 (-0.36, 0.23)
At 3.5 years of age	398	59 (19.8)	0.13 (-0.16, 0.43)	0.15 (-0.14, 0.44)	-0.04 (-0.32, 0.24)
At 5 years of age	370	84 (22.7)	-0.21 (-0.46, 0.04)	-0.08 (-0.32, 0.17)	0.08 (-0.16, 0.33)
At 2 or more time points	380	58 (15.3)	-0.14 (-0.43, 0.14)	-0.11 (-0.40, 0.18)	0.04 (-0.24, 0.32)
Sleep: both sleep guidelines (duration and consistency)
At 1 year of age	307	42 (13.7)	-0.25 (-0.57, 0.07)	-0.19 (-0.53, 0.16)	0.35 (0.03, 0.68)
At 2 years of age	254	64 (25.2)	0.11 (-0.18, 0.40)	0.10 (-0.19, 0.40)	-0.06 (-0.36, 0.24)
At 3.5 years of age	298	56 (18.8)	0.22 (-0.08, 0.51)	0.21 (-0.09, 0.51)	-0.11 (-0.40, 0.18)
At 5 years of age	370	77 (20.8)	-0.20 (-0.46, 0.05)	-0.03 (-0.29, 0.22)	0.03 (-0.22, 0.29)
At 2 or more time points	380	48 (12.6)	-0.13 (-0.44, 0.17)	0.01 (-0.30, 0.33)	-0.04 (-0.34, 0.26)
All three guidelines: ≥ 180 min/day LMVPA, no screen time or no more than 60 min, and 11 – 14 h or 10 – 13 h including naps^h
At 1 year of age	297	60 (20.2)	-0.19 (-0.47, 0.09)	-0.42 (-0.72, -0.12)	0.28 (-0.01, 0.57)
At 2 years of age	218	33 (15.1)	-0.23 (-0.60, 0.14)	-0.13 (-0.52, 0.26)	0.09 (-0.31, 0.49)
At 5 years of age	365	134 (36.7)	-0.25 (-0.48, -0.02)	-0.11 (-0.33, 0.11)	0.12 (-0.11, 0.34)

^aAssessed using the Behavioral Assessment System for children (BASC-2) [34]
^aMean difference (95% CI) estimated using regression models adjusted for randomised group, sex, maternal education, household deprivation, primiparous, and BMI z-score at 5 years of age, in units of standard deviations. Greater scores indicate higher levels of depression, anxiety, or resilience
^bProportions who met the first physical activity guideline at 2, 3.5, and 5 years of age were too high to allow estimation of mean differences (94.1, 97.1, and 98.4%, respectively)
^cSecond physical activity guideline applies only to children aged 3 – 5 years
^dNo screen time (1 – 2 years) or 60 min maximum screen time (3 – 5 years). Not measured at 3.5 years
^eNot being restrained in a car seat or stroller for > 60 min at a time, on at least 3 days a week (1 – 2 years). The proportion who met this guideline at 2 years of age was too high to allow estimation of mean differences (96.8%). Not measured at 3.5 years
^f11 – 14 h (1 – 2 years) or 10 – 13 h (3 – 5 years). The proportion who met this guideline at 2 and 3.5 years of age and at 2 or more time points was too high to allow estimation of mean differences (92.9%, 95.6%, and 92.6% respectively)
^gHaving a consistent sleep time or consistent wake time defined as within-person standard deviation of < 30 min
^hThe proportion who met this guideline at two or more time points was too low to allow estimation of mean differences (9.7%)
Bold figures denote P < 0.05

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ISSN: 1479-5868

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