| n | N (%) who met guideline | Attentional problems at 5 years of age | Hyperactivity at 5 years of age | Emotional self-control at 5 years of age | Executive functioning at 5 years of age |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Standardised mean difference (95% CI)a for those who met the guideline compared to those who did not | ||||||
Physical activity: ≥ 180 min/day LMVPAb | ||||||
 At 1 year of age | 315 | 122 (38.7) | -0.18 (-0.40, 0.04) | -0.11 (-0.35, 0.12) | 0.18 (-0.03, 0.40) | 0.10 (-0.12, 0.33) |
Physical activity: ≥ 180 min/day LMVPA including 60 min energetic playc | ||||||
 At 3.5 years of age | 305 | 187 (61.3) | 0.00 (-0.21, 0.20) | 0.16 (-0.07, 0.39) | 0.02 (-0.21, 0.24) | -0.17 (-0.39, 0.06) |
 At 5 years of age | 382 | 310 (81.2) | -0.09 (-0.34, 0.15) | 0.15 (-0.11, 0.41) | 0.05 (-0.20, 0.31) | 0.02 (-0.23, 0.27) |
 At both 3.5 and 5 years of age | 266 | 144 (54.1) | 0.01 (-0.21, 0.22) | 0.22 (-0.01, 0.46) | 0.04 (-0.19, 0.26) | -0.11 (-0.34, 0.12) |
Sedentary time: no screen time or no > 60 minutesd | ||||||
 At 1 year of age | 305 | 191 (62.6) | -0.09 (-0.31, 0.13) | -0.15 (-0.38, 0.09) | 0.12 (-0.09, 0.34) | 0.07 (-0.15, 0.30) |
 At 2 years of age | 220 | 35 (15.9) | -0.04 (-0.39, 0.31) | 0.00 (-0.37, 0.37) | 0.12 (-0.22, 0.47) | 0.13 (-0.25, 0.50) |
 At 5 years of age | 377 | 151 (40.1) | -0.14 (-0.34, 0.06) | -0.07 (-0.28, 0.15) | 0.17 (-0.03, 0.38) | 0.14 (-0.07, 0.35) |
 At 2 or more time points | 311 | 83 (26.7) | -0.11 (-0.35, 0.14) | -0.26 (-0.52, -0.01) | 0.35 (0.11, 0.59) | 0.28 (0.03, 0.53) |
Sedentary time: not being restrained for > 60 min at a timee | ||||||
 At 1 year of age | 305 | 273 (89.5) | -0.25 (-0.60, 0.09) | -0.37 (-0.74, -0.00) | 0.14 (-0.21, 0.48) | 0.19 (-0.17, 0.55) |
Sedentary time: no screen time or no > 60 min AND not being restrained for > 60 min at a time |  | |||||
 At 1 year of age | 305 | 176 (57.7) | -0.12 (-0.34, 0.09) | -0.15 (-0.38, 0.08) | 0.10 (-0.11, 0.31) | 0.05 (-0.17, 0.28) |
Sleep: 11 – 14 h or 10 – 13 h including napsf | ||||||
 At 1 year of age | 307 | 258 (84.0) | -0.01 (-0.30, 0.28) | -0.05 (-0.36, 0.26) | 0.07 (-0.21, 0.35) | 0.09 (-0.21, 0.39) |
 At 5 years of age | 370 | 325 (87.8) | 0.14 (-0.15, 0.44) | 0.04 (-0.28, 0.35) | -0.03 (-0.34, 0.28) | -0.12 (-0.42, 0.18) |
Sleep: consistent sleep and wake timesg | ||||||
 At 1 year of age | 307 | 56 (18.2) | -0.19 (-0.47, 0.08) | -0.04 (-0.33, 0.25) | 0.21 (-0.06, 0.48) | 0.17 (-0.11, 0.45) |
 At 2 years of age | 254 | 67 (26.4) | 0.09 (-0.18, 0.36) | 0.01 (-0.28, 0.30) | -0.12 (-0.40, 0.15) | -0.09 (-0.38, 0.20) |
 At 3.5 years of age | 398 | 59 (19.8) | -0.04 (-0.30, 0.21) | 0.07 (-0.21, 0.34) | -0.14 (-0.41, 0.14) | 0.02 (-0.26, 0.29) |
 At 5 years of age | 370 | 84 (22.7) | -0.18 (-0.41, 0.05) | -0.19 (-0.43, 0.06) | 0.16 (-0.08, 0.40) | 0.13 (-0.10, 0.37) |
 At 2 or more time points | 380 | 58 (15.3) | -0.19 (-0.46, 0.07) | -0.10 (-0.38, 0.18) | 0.03 (-0.24, 0.30) | 0.15 (-0.13, 0.43) |
Sleep: both sleep guidelines (duration and consistency) | ||||||
 At 1 year of age | 307 | 42 (13.7) | -0.17 (-0.48, 0.14) | -0.07 (-0.40, 0.25) | 0.22 (-0.08, 0.52) | 0.23 (-0.09, 0.55) |
 At 2 years of age | 254 | 64 (25.2) | 0.05 (-0.23, 0.32) | -0.01 (-0.31, 0.28) | -0.08 (-0.36, 0.20) | -0.06 (-0.36, 0.23) |
 At 3.5 years of age | 298 | 56 (18.8) | 0.03 (-0.23, 0.29) | 0.13 (-0.15, 0.41) | -0.23 (-0.51, 0.06) | -0.06 (-0.34, 0.22) |
 At 5 years of age | 370 | 77 (20.8) | -0.12 (-0.36, 0.12) | -0.17 (-0.42, 0.08) | 0.17 (-0.08, 0.42) | 0.11 (-0.14, 0.35) |
 At 2 or more time points | 380 | 48 (12.6) | -0.15 (-0.44, 0.14) | -0.07 (-0.37, 0.24) | 0.00 (-0.30, 0.29) | 0.15 (-0.15, 0.45) |
All three guidelines: ≥ 180 min/day LMVPA, no screen time or no more than 60 min, and 11 – 14 h or 10 – 13 h including napsh | ||||||
 At 1 year of age | 297 | 60 (20.2) | -0.07 (-0.34, 0.20) | -0.08 (-0.37, 0.21) | 0.17 (-0.09, 0.44) | 0.08 (-0.20, 0.37) |
 At 2 years of age | 218 | 33 (15.1) | 0.05 (-0.31, 0.41) | 0.08 (-0.30, 0.46) | 0.02 (-0.34, 0.37) | 0.01 (-0.37, 0.40) |
 At 5 years of age | 365 | 134 (36.7) | -0.05 (-0.26, 0.16) | -0.02 (-0.24, 0.20) | 0.12 (-0.10, 0.34) | 0.07 (-0.15, 0.28) |