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Table 5 Meeting 24-h movement behavior guidelines through early childhood and inhibitory control at five years (n = 463)

From: Adherence to 24-h movement behavior guidelines and psychosocial functioning in young children: a longitudinal analysis

 

n

N (%) who met guideline

Statue at 5 years of age

Heads-toes-knees-shoulder at 5 years of age

Standardised mean difference (95% CI)a for those who met the guideline compared to those who did not

Median difference (95% CI)b for those who met the guideline compared to those who did not

Physical activity: ≥ 180 min/day LMVPAc

 At 1 year of age

287

111 (38.7)

0.03 (-0.22, 0.28)

-2.3 (-10.0, 5.5)

Physical activity: ≥ 180 min/day LMVPA including 60 min energetic playd

 At 3.5 years of age

293

180 (61.4)

0.12 (-0.12, 0.35)

9.0 (1.4, 16.5)

 At 5 years of age

372

304 (81.7)

0.25 (-0.01, 0.52)

1.4 (-7.6, 10.4)

 At both 3.5 and 5 years of age

261

142 (54.4)

0.24 (0.00, 0.49)

7.3 (-0.9, 15.6)

Sedentary time: no screen time or no > 60 mine

 At 1 year of age

277

174 (62.8)

0.08 (-0.18, 0.33)

1.3 (-6.0, 8.6)

 At 2 years of age

200

33 (16.5)

-0.21 (-0.59, 0.18)

4.0 (-7.6, 15.7)

 At 5 years of age

367

146 (39.8)

0.15 (-0.07, 0.36)

-1.0 (-7.5, 5.6)

 At 2 or more time points

296

80 (27.0)

0.02 (-0.24, 0.28)

5.3 (-2.4, 13.1)

Sedentary time: not being restrained for > 60 min at a timef

 At 1 year of age

277

246 (88.8)

0.06 (-0.33, 0.46)

5.7 (-5.5, 16.9)

Sedentary time: no screen time or no > 60 min AND not being restrained for > 60 min at a time

 At 1 year of age

277

159 (57.4)

0.08 (-0.17, 0.33)

2.5 (-5.0, 10.0)

Sleep: 11 – 14 h or 10 – 13 h including napsg

 At 1 year of age

280

235 (83.9)

-0.06 (-0.40, 0.27)

-5.9 (-15.7, 3.9)

 At 5 years of age

360

316 (87.8)

0.36 (0.05, 0.68)

9.5 (-1.1, 20.2)

Sleep: consistent sleep and wake timesh

 At 1 year of age

280

51 (18.2)

0.37 (0.06, 0.69)

7.3 (-1.9, 16.6)

 At 2 years of age

233

60 (25.7)

0.03 (-0.28, 0.33)

-1.4 (-10.3, 7.5)

 At 3.5 years of age

286

58 (20.3)

0.16 (-0.13, 0.45)

6.6 (-3.0, 16.2)

 At 5 years of age

360

82 (22.8)

0.18 (-0.06, 0.43)

5.4 (-3.0, 13.9)

 At 2 or more time points

361

57 (15.8)

0.12 (-0.17, 0.41)

4.5 (-4.5, 13.6)

Sleep: both sleep guidelines (duration and consistency)

 At 1 year of age

280

38 (13.6)

0.30 (-0.05, 0.66)

4.6 (-5.5, 14.8)

 At 2 years of age

233

57 (24.5)

0.02 (-0.29, 0.33)

-1.0 (-9.9, 7.9)

 At 3.5 years of age

286

55 (19.2)

0.19 (-0.10, 0.49)

5.6 (-4.1, 15.3)

 At 5 years of age

360

75 (20.8)

0.19 (-0.07, 0.45)

2.9 (-5.8, 11.6)

 At 2 or more time points

361

47 (13.0)

0.08 (-0.23, 0.40)

-0.2 (-9.5, 9.2)

All three guidelines: ≥ 180 min/day LMVPA, no screen time or no > 60 min, and 11 – 14 h or 10 – 13 h including napsi

 At 1 year of age

270

53 (19.6)

-0.10 (-0.42, 0.22)

1.4 (-8.0, 10.7)

 At 2 years of age

198

31 (15.7)

-0.19 (-0.59, 0.21)

5.8 (-6.1, 17.7)

 At 5 years of age

355

129 (36.3)

0.14 (-0.09, 0.36)

1.9 (-5.5, 9.2)

  1. aMean difference (95% CI) estimated using linear regression models adjusted for randomised group, sex, maternal education, household deprivation, primiparous, and BMI z-score at 5 years of age, in units of standard deviations
  2. bMedian difference (95% CI) estimated using quantile regression models adjusted for randomised group sex, maternal education, household deprivation, primiparous, and BMI z-score at 5 years of age, scores range from 0 (less inhibitory control) to 60 (more inhibitory control)
  3. cProportions who met the first physical activity guideline at 2, 3.5, and 5 years of age were too high to allow estimation of mean differences (93.6, 96.9, and 98.4%, respectively)
  4. dSecond physical activity guideline applies only to children aged 3 – 5 years
  5. eNo screen time (1 – 2 years) or 60 min maximum screen time (3 – 5 years). Not measured at 3.5 years
  6. fNot being restrained in a car seat or stroller for > 60 min at a time, on at least 3 days a week (1 – 2 years). The proportion who met this guideline at 2 years of age was too high to allow estimation of mean differences (98.0%). Not measured at 3.5 years
  7. g11 – 14 h (1 – 2 years) or 10 – 13 h (3 – 5 years). The proportion who met this guideline at 2 and 3.5 years of age and at 2 or more time points was too high to allow estimation of mean differences (92.3, 95.5, and 92.5% respectively)
  8. hHaving a consistent sleep time or consistent wake time defined as within-person standard deviation of < 30 min
  9. iThe proportion who met this guideline at two or more time points was too low to allow estimation of mean differences (9.8%)
  10. Bold figures denote P < 0.05