Media use trajectories and risk of metabolic syndrome in European children and adolescents: the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort

Table 2 Association of average DM across childhood (intercept) and increase of DM over time (slope) with metabolic syndrome score and its components in children and adolescents

Metabolic outcomes	DM use			Analysis population^a		Accelerometer –sample ^b
		N	Crude β (95%CI)	N	Adjusted β (95%CI) ^a	N	Adjusted β (95% CI) ^b	Adjusted β (95% CI) ^c
z_WC ^d	Intercept	10,301	0.33 (0.28, 0.39)	10,153	0.15 (0.11, 0.19)	4258	0.19 (0.13, 0.26)	0.19 (0.12, 0.25)
z_WC ^d	Slope		-0.05 (-0.40, 0.29)		0.19 (-0.04, 0.43)		0.26 ( -0.10, 0.63)	0.26 (-0.10, 0.63)
z_BP ^e	Intercept	10,099	0.04 (0.01, 0.08)	9409	0.04 (0.00, 0.07)	4073	0.02 (-0.03, 0.08)	0.02 (-0.03, 0.07)
z_BP ^e	Slope		-0.05 (-0.27, 0.16)		0.09 (-0.10, 0.30)		0.18 (-0.13, 0.49)	0.16 (-0.14, 0.47)
z_TRG	Intercept	7398	0.11 (0.07, 0.15)	6193	0.08 (0.03, 0.12)	2683	0.06 (-0.01, 0.13)	0.06 (-0.01, 0.13)
z_TRG	Slope		0.17 (-0.08, 0.44)		0.02 (-0.24, 0.30)		0.01 (-0.40, 0.42)	0.00 (-0.41, 0.41)
z_HDL-c	Intercept	7766	-0.10 (-0.14, -0.06)	6506	-0.08 (-0.12, -0.04)	2857	-0.07 (-0.14, -0.002)	-0.07 (-0.14, -0.00)
z_HDL-c	Slope		-0.35 (-0.63, -0.06)		-0.28 (-0.54, -0.02)		-0.32 (-0.72, 0.07)	-0.33 (-0.73, 0.06)
z_HOMA	Intercept	6293	0.16 (0.11, 0.22)	3435	0.12 (0.05, 0.19)	1688	0.15 (0.05, 0.26)	0.15 (0.04, 0.25)
z_HOMA	Slope		0.19 (-0.13, 0.51)		0.64 (0.21, 1.08)		0.58 (-0.01, 1.18)	0.59 (0.00, 1.19)
z_MetS	Intercept	5770	0.16 (0.11, 0.21)	2973	0.07 (0.02, 0.13)	1476	0.07 (-0.01, 0.15)	0.06 (-0.02, 0.14)
z_MetS	Slope		0.14 (-0.15, 0.44)		0.54 (0.20, 0.88)		0.51 ( 0.04, 0.97)	0.49 (0.02, 0.95)

^a Models are adjusted for age (continuous), sex, pubertal status, HDAS, snack consumption, parental ISCED, observation period, (age at follow-up – age at baseline), country and baseline z-scores of the respective outcome. Bold significance is provided via confidence limits
^b Models are based on the accelerometer sample and are adjusted for same confounders as in the main analysis. N varied due to missing values for each outcome
^c Models based on sample with accelerometer data are further adjusted for MVPA, SED and valid accelerometer wear time
^d WC- waist circumference, BP-blood pressure, TRG- triglycerides, HDL-c– high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA- homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, MetS- metabolic syndrome, DM- digital media
^e Models for the z-scores of BP, HDL-c, TRG and HOMA-IR are additionally adjusted for z-score of WC at the last measurement point. The number of participants varied for metabolic outcomes due to missing values

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