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Table 2 Estimate of intervention effectiveness by study-level characteristics

From: Identifying effective intervention strategies to reduce children’s screen time: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Presence of Characteristic

k

% of studies

SMD

(95CI)

Overall Pooled Random Effect

204

100%

0.116

(0.08 0.15)

Child Age

 0–5 years

46

23%

0.096

(-0.00 0.20)

 6 + years

31

15%

0.200

(0.16 0.28)

 6–12 years

80

39%

0.084

(0.04 0.13)

\(\le\) 12 years

24

12%

0.209

(0.05 0.37)

 13 + years

15

7%

0.103

(0.02 0.18)

 0–18 years

7

3%

-0.047

(-0.59 0.49)

Intervention Duration

  < 12 weeks

67

33%

0.151

(0.07 0.23)

 13–52 weeks

103

50%

0.113

(0.07 0.16)

  > 53 weeks

34

17%

0.061

(-0.03 0.15)

Sample Size

  < 95

50

25%

0.298

(0.20 0.39)

 96–312

52

25%

0.112

(0.02 0.20)

 313–696

50

25%

0.063

(-0.01 0.14)

  > 697

50

25%

0.054

(0.02 0.09)

Setting

 School/Daycare

121

59%

0.098

(0.05 0.14)

 Home & mHealth

33

16%

0.152

(0.07 0.23)

 Primary Care

19

9%

0.015

(-0.18 0.21)

 Community/Research Center

31

15%

0.192

(0.11 0.27)

Study Design

 Two-Group Randomized

139

68%

0.129

(0.09 0.17)

 Two-Group, Non-Randomized

36

18%

0.064

(-0.05 0.18)

 Single-Group, Non-Randomized

29

14%

0.106

(0.03 0.18)

Intervention Delivery

 Teachers

65

32%

0.051

(-0.00 0.10)

 Research Staff

35

17%

0.300

(0.16 0.44)

 Healthcare Professionals

43

21%

0.051

(-0.05 0.15)

 Other

61

30%

0.149

(0.09 0.21)

Intervention Recipient

 Child Only

111

54%

0.076

(0.03 0.12)

 Parent Only

35

17%

0.222

(0.09 0.35)

 Child and Parent

58

28%

0.147

(0.07 0.23)

Screen Target

 Targeted Other Obesogenic Behavior

76

37%

0.120

(0.08 0.16)

 TV only

50

25%

0.093

(0.01 0.18)

 TV & Other device

35

17%

0.124

(0.04 0.21)

 Non-specific screen target

43

21%

0.089

(-0.02 0.20)

Measurement Tool

 Self- or Parent-Report

197

97%

0.113

(0.07 0.15)

 Objective Tool

7

3%

0.235

(-0.02 0.49)