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Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the cross-sectional and prospective study sample at wave 0

From: Cross-sectional and prospective associations of sleep, sedentary and active behaviors with mental health in older people: a compositional data analysis from the Seniors-ENRICA-2 study

 

Cross-sectional sample

Prospective sample

P

na

2489

1679

 

Age (years)

71.68 ± 4.33

71.40 ± 4.15

0.054

Sex, n (%)

  

0.383

 Men

1168 (46.93)

811 (48.30)

 

 Women

1321 (53.07)

868 (51.70)

 

Educational level, n (%)

  

0.015

 No studies

384 (15.43)

214 (12.75)

 

 Primary education

1200 (48.21)

792 (47.17)

 

 Secondary education

450 (18.08)

314 (18.70)

 

 University or higher education

455 (18.28)

359 (21.38)

 

Marital status, n (%)

  

0.891

 Single

164 (6.59)

114 (6.79)

 

 Married

1644 (66.05)

1117 (66.53)

 

 Separated

173 (6.95)

121 (7.21)

 

 Widowed

508 (20.41)

327 (19.48)

 

Household economy, n (%)

  

0.093

 Difficult economy

355 (14.26)

209 (12.45)

 

 Easy economy

2134 (85.74)

1470 (87.55)

 

Smoking status, n (%)

  

0.766

 Current

233 (9.36)

154 (9.17)

 

 Former

949 (38.13)

659 (39.25)

 

 Never

1307 (52.51)

866 (51.58)

 

Alcohol consume, n (%)

  

0.706

 Heavy drinkerb

116 (4.66)

86 (5.12)

 

 Moderate drinker

1737 (69.79)

1188 (70.76)

 

 Former

167 (6.71)

106 (6.31)

 

 Never

469 (18.84)

299 (17.81)

 

Total energy intake (kcal/day)

1944.99 ± 345.03

1955.57 ± 344.49

0.331

Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

27.76 ± 4.42

27.70 ± 4.36

0.691

Chronic diseases, n (%)

  

0.308

 No conditions

489 (19.65)

359 (21.38)

 

 One condition

960 (38.57)

650 (38.71)

 

 Two or more conditions

1040 (41.78)

670 (39.90)

 

Cognitive function (MMSE)

27.99 ± 2.00

28.20 ± 1.68

 < 0.001

Physical function – gait speed test score, n (%)

  

0.412

 Score 0 (unable)

7 (0.28)

2 (0.12)

 

 Score 1 (≤ 0.43 m/s)

90 (3.62)

47 (2.80)

 

 Score 2 (0.44–0.60 m/s)

224 (9.00)

144 (8.58)

 

 Score 3 (0.61–0.77 m/s)

437 (17.56)

310 (18.46)

 

 Score 4 (≥ 0.78 m/s)

1731 (69.55)

1176 (70.04)

 

Depression score (GDS-10)

0.93 ± 1.76

0.80 ± 1.58d

0.012

Loneliness score (3-items loneliness scale)

3.69 ± 1.35

3.68 ± 1.35d

0.843

Happiness score (0–10)

7.49 ± 1.75

7.56 ± 1.69d

0.196

Global mental health (SF-12)

50.39 ± 9.68

50.94 ± 9.06d

0.067

Compositional time-use, geometric meanc (%, min/day)

 Sleep

32.68 (470.59)

32.30 (465.12)

0.285

 SB

54.07 (778.61)

53.86 (775.58)

0.697

 LPA

9.95 (143.28)

10.24 (147.46)

0.076

 MVPA

3.30 (47.52)

3.60 (51.84)

0.018

  1. Values are mean ± SD, unless otherwise indicated
  2. P = differences between cross-sectional and prospective sample, estimated by T-test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables
  3. Significant (p < 0.05) and borderline (p < 0.1) differences are in bold and italics, respectively
  4. Abbreviations: GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, LPA Light Physical Activity, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MVPA Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity, SB Sedentary Behavior, SD Standard Deviation, SF Short Form
  5. an slightly varies in analyses for each mental health indicator
  6. bHeavy drinker: ≥ 10 g/day in woman; ≥ 20 g/day in men
  7. cCompositional geometric mean centered to 100. Values were also expressed as min/day (closed to a constant of 1440 min / day). Mean of total time registered by accelerometers was 1430.17 ± 6.52 min in the cross-sectional sample, and 1430.30 ± 6.26 min/day in the prospective sample
  8. dValues (mean ± SD) for mental health indicators at wave 1 for prospective sample was: Depression score: 0.86 ± 1.57 (p = 0.061); Loneliness score: 3.76 ± 1.40 (p = 0.006); Happiness score: 7.42 ± 1.63 (p < 0.001); Global mental health: 50.35 ± 9.69 (p = 0.016). Differences in mental health indicators between wave 0 and wave 1 in prospective sample was estimated by paired T-test
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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