Cross-sectional and prospective associations of sleep, sedentary and active behaviors with mental health in older people: a compositional data analysis from the Seniors-ENRICA-2 study

Table 4 Prospective associations between behaviors composition (proportion of the day spent in sleep, SB, LPA and MVPA) at wave 0 and mental health indicators at wave 1 (prospective sample)

	Composition model	Sleep		SB		LPA		MVPA
	p	γ	p	γ	p	γ	p	γ	p
Depression (n = 1675)
Model 1	0.160	0.305	0.088	-0.274	0.115	0.080	0.532	-0.111	0.105
Model 2	0.220	0.280	0.115	-0.231	0.180	0.049	0.697	-0.099	0.147
Model 3	0.198	0.347	0.049	-0.326	0.057	0.049	0.695	-0.071	0.301
Loneliness (n = 1677)
Model 1	0.467	0.035	0.819	-0.061	0.679	0.121	0.273	-0.094	0.111
Model 2	0.529	0.010	0.946	-0.040	0.789	0.117	0.286	-0.087	0.137
Model 3	0.518	0.008	0.956	-0.036	0.808	0.116	0.289	-0.088	0.133
Happiness (n = 1649)
Model 1	0.501	0.051	0.805	-0.081	0.686	-0.073	0.625	0.103	0.197
Model 2	0.681	0.026	0.899	-0.023	0.907	-0.094	0.523	0.092	0.247
Model 3	0.637	-0.021	0.917	0.005	0.981	-0.079	0.589	0.096	0.224
Mental health (n = 1661)
Model 1	0.140	-0.587	0.625	0.500	0.668	-0.947	0.271	1.034	0.025
Model 2	0.147	-0.536	0.653	0.354	0.760	-0.813	0.342	0.995	0.030
Model 3	0.254	-0.422	0.722	0.404	0.726	-0.874	0.304	0.892	0.049

Values are shown as non-standardized gamma coefficients (γ) from CODA regression models; γ can be interpreted as the strength and direction of the association between the time spent in one behavior relative to the others and the change in mental health outcome
Model 1 adjusted by sex (male, female), age (years), and exposure outcome at baseline; model 2 adjusted as model 1 plus educational level (no studies, primary, secondary, university), marital status (single, married, separated, widowed), and household economy (difficult economy, easy economy); model 3 adjusted as model 2 plus smoking status (current, former, never), alcohol consume (heavy, moderate, former, never), total energy intake (kcal/day), BMI (kg/m²), cognitive function (mini-mental state examination score), physical function (gait speed test score: unable, ≤ 0.43 m/s, 0.44–0.60 m/s, 0.61–0.77 m/s, ≥ 0.78 m/s), and chronic diseases (0, 1, 2 +)
Statistically significant values are shown in bold (p < 0.05) and borderline significant values are shown in italics (p < 0.1)
Abbreviations: SB Sedentary Behavior, LPA Light Physical Activity, MVPA Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868